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In Poland, cottony camellia scale (Pulvinaria floccifera) is recognized as an invasive insect and for the last few years has presented a threat to many ornamental trees and shrubs. During the study involving Ilex aquifolium, the abundance of P. floccifera population developed during a growing season was determined and a potential threat to plants was evaluated in relation to the number of overwintering instars. Under Polish conditions P. floccifera overwinters as a second and third instar nymphs. Based on the plant monitoring, larvae and adult females of P. floccifera were found to prefer the undersides of leaves. Number of the species overwintering forms observed during the study reached the threshold suggesting plant damage in the next growing season. Owing to the abundance of particular life stages, high polyphagism of P. floccifera and the lack of the pest management program for Polish conditions, the species should be considered as a serious threat to ornamental trees and shrubs in Poland.
Thirty-three species were recorded from various ornamental field plants, representing 23.08% of the native Polish scale insects fauna. These species belong to 6 families, namely: Asterolecaniidae, Coccidae, Diaspididae, Eriococcidae, Kermesidae and Pseudococcidae. The best represented families were the Diaspididae (13 species) and Coccidae (12 species). For each species, the type of habitats, host plants, pest status and zoogeographical region of origin are given. Scale insects were found on cultivated deciduous trees and shrubs (24 species) and on ornamental coniferous trees and shrubs (8 species) in parks, botanic and household gardens, housing settlements and along avenues. The most numerous and economically important species is Parthenolecanium corni, followed by Carulaspis juniperi and Leucaspis lowi. Special attention should be paid to invasive Pulvinaria floccifera on Ilex aquifolium (L.) and unidentified Parthenolecanium sp. on rhododendron plants. These scale insects were observed in massive density on their hosts and can survive the winter in Poland.
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