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The fatty acid (FA) composition of bulk milk fat was examined on three dairy farms applying the seasonal pasture and on two farms applying the permanently indoor silage feeding. The seasonal variation in the content of major FAs was investigated in relation to the effect of farm in each feeding system separately. Six samples in winter period and four samples in summer period were taken on each farm. In the grazing herds, the seasonal changes were found in FAs forming 90 g/100 g total FAs on average (P<0.05), generally without interactions with farm effect (P>0.05). Only several FAs, forming 14 g/100 g total FAs on average, were influenced by the season effect in the indor herds (P<0.05). The seasonal increase in unsaturated FAs against the saturated FAs and omega-3 against omega-6 polyunsaturated FA indicated that the milk yielded in summer was more beneficial to consumers’ health than that yielded in winter. No significant differences in these indicators of healthy milk were found compared to the milk yielded by herds kept indoors (P>0.05). The milk produced by grazing cows may be positively evaluated by consumers.
Quality of chosen herbal species from meadow and grazing herbage were evaluated. Dry matter, crude protein, ash, fat and fibre were analyzed. Herbage sampling was realized on three pastures of cattle with higher altitudes. Samples were compared with meadow herbage. Grass and herbage are the most natural and optimal feedstuff for cattle. Grazing management should notably regulate the pasture composition, i.e. support dominance of soft stoloniserous strains of grasses and decrease occurrence of weed and less value strain of gramineous grasses. The impact of grazing on milk performance and health of dairy cows was surveyed on sub-moun- tain farms. The higher milk, fat and protein yields were found in grazing season in comparison with winter confinement period.
The aim of the study was to assess the quality of pastures located in less-favoured areas (LFA) of Czech Republic, to evaluate the influence of that quality on the content of fatty acids of milk in grazing goats and in farm natural cheese made of their milk. Samples of forage were collected in 2008 and 2009, on 5 July, 9 August, 6 September and 4 October. Goat milk samples were taken on the same days of both years and additionally on May 31. The highest content of protein and fat of the forage dry matter and, consequently, the highest feeding value of pasture were found in July and October. It was associated with a high content of clovers and herbs in the available herbage. During grazing the content of saturated fatty acids (SFA) of goat milk fat continuously decreased while the trend for the content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) was opposite. A significant increase in herb of the total crop observed in autumn contributed to a highest content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in fat of goat milk. The fatty acid profile of goat cheese was related to that of the milk. Thus, a high content of PUFA, including CLA, observed in milk of grazing goats guarantees that the cheese made of that milk fulfills the requirements for functional foods.
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