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1

Accessory spine of the foramen ovale

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Skrzat J., Walocha J., Zawilinski J.
Folia Morphologica
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2012
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tom 71
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nr 4
The objective of this study was to provide morphometric analysis of an accessory spine that was found within the lumen of the foramen ovale, as well as to find out whether this structure could mechanically irritate the mandibular nerve. A bifid spine was perceived in the macerated skull of an adult individual. It was located in the anterior part of the left foramen ovale. The overall length of the spine was found to be 1.8 mm. The spine had a homogenous structure, and showed high levels of mineralisation. We conclude that the accessory spine did not compress the mandibular nerve, and that the foramen ovale provided enough space for passage of the nerve. In all likelihood, these structures remained in anatomical accordance without causing any neurological symptoms. (Folia Morphol 2012; 71, 4: 263–266)
2

The venous system of the human foetal spinal cord. Scanning electron microscope of vascular corrosion casts

100%
Zawilinski J., Zagorska-Swiezy K., Skladzien J.
Folia Morphologica
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2014
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tom 73
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nr 2
The investigation was carried out on 16 human foetal cadavers at the age of 17–23 weeks from the time of conception. The foetal vascular system was injected with the synthetic resin MERCOX CL-2R and analysed in scanning electron microscope. The vascular system of the foetal spinal cord was studied. The foetal vascular system was characterised by high variability concerning the number, course and localisation of blood vessels. It contained numerous anastomoses with the internal spinal venous plexuses, which included anterior and posterior radicular veins. Large arteries running on the surface of the spinal cord are accompanied by the homoname veins. The venous system of the investigated foetuses was divided into 2 categories of veins: internal veins responsible for the drainage of blood from the central area, that is central and peripheral veins coming radially to the surface of the spinal cord and external veins, which form the venous system of the surface of the spinal cord. The venous system of the foetal spinal cord was also examined as to the presence of the valves. (Folia Morphol 2014; 73, 2: 139–142)
3

The arterial supply of the thoracic part of human fetal spinal cord SEM of vascular corrosion casts

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Zawilinski J., Skawina A., Nowogrodzka-Zagorska M., Gorczyca J.
Folia Morphologica
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1996
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tom 55
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nr 4
4

A note on the morphology of the metopic suture in the human skull

100%
Skrzat J., Walocha J., Zawilinski J.
Folia Morphologica
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2004
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tom 63
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nr 4
The metopic suture of 24 adult skulls investigated showed recognisably varied morphological patterns. The metopic suture resembled wavy lines and was sometimes highly convoluted, especially in the superior part of the frontal bone. The mean suture length was computed as 123.1 mm (SD = 5.307) and the mean fractal dimension was 1.17 (SD = 0.076). Visual inspection of the morphological character of the metopic sutures revealed complex variation in their course between the nasion and the bregma. Comparison of the fractal dimensions indicated a two-fold increase in complexity between the anterior half of the suture terminating in the nasion (FD = 1.10) and the second half of the suture beginning in the bregma (FD = 1.21). The Mann-Whitney test confirmed the statistical significance of the differences in the fractal dimensions calculated. The variety and complexity of the interdigitations in the anterior and posterior part of the suture point to possible alterations to local strains, which occur during the growth of the braincase.
5

Bilateral ossification of the stylohyoid ligament

88%
Skrzat J., Mroz I., Walocha J., Zawilinski J., Jaworek J. K.
Folia Morphologica
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2007
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tom 66
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nr 3
This paper presents the case of an adult male skull with bilateral ossification of the stylohyoid complex. The total length of the stylohyoid complex amounts to 62 mm on the left side and 65 mm on the right side. Visual inspection of the stylohyoid revealed the presence of callosities that are located on both stylohyoid complexes at nearly the same level. These sites are regarded as the ossified attachments of the stylohyoid ligaments to the corresponding styloid processes. The skull studied is an example of extreme development of the stylohyoid complex, which could cause severe pain and a restriction of head and neck movement.
6

Extra -and intracerebral course of the recurrent artery of Heubner

76%
Maga P., Tomaszewski K. A., Pasternak A., Zawilinski J., Tomaszewska R., Gregorczyk-Maga I., Skrzat J.
Folia Morphologica
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2013
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tom 72
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nr 2
Background: The aim of the current study was to analyse the extra- and intracerebral course of the recurrent artery of Heubner (RAH) to provide detailed information for neurosurgeons operating in this area. Materials and methods: The material for this study was obtained from cadavers (ages 31–75 years) during routine autopsies. A total of 70 human brains (39 male and 31 female) were examined. The material was collected not later than 48 h post-mortem. People who died due to neurological disorders were not included into the study. Right after dissection the arteries were perfused with either acrylic paint emulsion, polyvinyl chloride or Mercox CL-2R resin, through the Circle of Willis or electively through the RAH. The obtained material was analysed using a stereoscopic light microscope, magnification 2–40 x. Results: The RAH was present in 138 hemispheres with a mean of 1.99 RAH per hemisphere (275 RAH in total). The mean RAH length was 25.2 mm and the mean RAH diameter, in its place of origin, was 1 mm. In 168 (61%) cases the RAH ran superiorly, in 88 (32%) cases anteriorly, in 11 (4%) cases inferiorly and in 8 (3%) cases posteriorly to the A1 segment. In 70.2% of the cases the course of the RAH was parallel to the anterior communicating artery A1 segment, and in 29.8% of the cases the RAH arched towards the olfactory tract. As the extracerebral course of the RAH was always tortuous, its length was 1 to 5 times the distance between its place of origin and the most lateral point of anterior perforated substance (APS) penetration. The intracerebral course of the RAH was almost always univectorial — towards the head of the caudate nucleus. The course of RAH branches depended on their number. When the number of RAHs and their branches was low, they separated immediately after penetrating the APS and formed multiple small branches. When the number of RAHs and branches was high, post-APS branching was less frequent and occurred in distal segments. Conclusions: The origin and course of the RAH is highly variable. The RAH, in its extra- and intracerebral course, may join with the middle group of the lenticulostriate arteries or directly with the middle cerebral artery. This artery should be routinely identified during anterior communicating artery aneurysm clipping to prevent postoperative neurological deficits. (Folia Morphol 2013; 72, 2: 94–99)
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