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Secondary metabolites play an important role in plant protection mechanisms. Presented studies relate to the significant role of some phenolic compounds in health status of sweet pepper plants. Eight cultivars of sweet pepper (‘Barbórka’, ‘Caryca F1’, ‘Mercedes’, ‘Ozarowska’, ‘Podstolina’, ‘Roberta F1’, ‘Robertina’) were investigated in 2007–2009. Flavonoids and phenol acids content in leaves, stems, and roots of sweet pepper plants were analyzed. Flavonoids and phenol acids content was studied using isocratic HPLC method. Disease index of tested cultivars was evaluated in the field. The leaves, stems and roots of pepper were analyzed in the laboratory. The fungi most frequently isolated from pepper were Alternaria alternata, Fusarium spp., Botrytis cinerea, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The highest content of flavonoids and phenol acids was in the leaves of pepper. Flavonoids content in plant parts was positively correlated with the intensity of colonization by pathogenic fungi. Sweet pepper cultivars ‘Caryca F1’ and ‘Roberta F1’ were characterised by low content flavonoids in the tested plant parts and they were colonized by the low number of pathogenic fungi. The cultivars most frequently colonized by pathogenic fungi such as ‘Barbórka’, ‘Podstolina’, ‘Robertina’, had a high content of flavonoids in the tested plant parts. There was no correlation between the content of phenol acids and health status of pepper cultivars.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the health and yielding of hot pepper plants cultivated in the field conditions. The investigations were carried out in 2008−2009, in Zezulin near Lublin. The objects of study were two cultivars of hot pepper: Bronowicka Ostra and Cyklon. The disease index of plants was calculated. The highest total yield 2.12 kg/m2 and marketable yield 1.72 kg/m2 were obtained from Cyklon cultivar in 2008. The results of mycological analyses showed that plants of pepper were mostly colonized by Fusarium oxysporum, F. equiseti and Alternaria alternata.
Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L. var. giromontina) is a dependable vegetable in cultivation which is characterized by high fertility. Grown in the field and under cover, it is infected by a number of pathogens specific of the family Curbitaceae as well as those that are characteristic of other plantations. Actually, natural products such as plant extracts are more and more frequently used in plant protection from pathogens. The azoxystrobin (Amistar 250 SC, Syngenta) and extract of grapefruit (Biosept 33 SL, Cintamani Poland) were tested in vitro for their effectiveness to inhibit the linear growth of Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. equiseti, F. oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani and Trichoderma hamatum. The azoxystrobin (0.05%, 0.1%) and extract of grapefruit (0.1%, 0.2%) were applied in different concentrations. The studies made use of a Petri dishes method recommended for testing fungicides in laboratory conditions. Extract of grapefruit was more effective than azoxystrobin. The extract of grapefruit inhibited the growth of A. alternata, B. cinerea, R. solani and T. hamatum already after 4 days and was the most effective after 12 days of experiment. Azoksystrobin inhibited the growth of B. cinerea and R. solani but did not inhibit the growth of F. equiseti. Microscopic analysis showed the morphological changes in fungal hyphae under the influence of tested substances.
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