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The present work aimed studying the effect of magnesium and manganese on the type of transport of ascorbic acid in absorption from the alimentary tract of hens. The research has defined contents of vitamin C by the colorymetric method according to Roe and Kuether. This part of the study has presented the influence of magnesium and manganese on the absorption of vitamin C by the method of perfused intestinal loop in vivo according to Mykkanen and Nys. Magnesium and manganese radically increased the absorption of ascorbic acid from the jejunum and caecum of chickens. The inversely proportional dependence between the concentration of elements in the solution and the amount of vitamin C absorbed has been proved. A substantial increase of absorption of vitamin C in the jejunum from 2.60 mg/l/cm2/60 min to 3.83 mg/l/cm2/60 min and in the caecum from 4.10 mg/1/ /cm2/60 min. to 5.15 mg/l/cm2/60 min appeared. Likewise manganese increased the absorption of vitamin C in the jejunum from 2.60 mg/l/cm2/60 min to 4.51 mg/l/cm2/60 min and in the caecum from 4.10 mg/l/cm2/60 min. to 7.41 mg/l/cm2/60 min. In order to study the effect of magnesium and manganese on the type of transport of ascorbic acid ouabain was used as a blocker of active transport. The magnesium and manganese increased absorption by intensification of active transport and passive diffusion. Almost all of the vitamin C which was absorbed from perfused liquid passed across the intestinal barrier to blood. The results presented in the paper may be used in feeding, prophylaxis and treatment of domestic animals and people.
The study aimed at making a thorough investigation of the influence of magnesium on the absorption of vitamin C and, conversely, the influence of ascorbic acid on the absorption of magnesium from the alimentary tracts of hens. The influence of magnesium on the absorption of vitamin C and conversely influence of ascorbic acid on the absorption of magnesium by the method of perfused intestinal loop „in vivo” according to Mykkanen and Nys. Magnesium radically increased the absorption of ascorbic acid from the jejunum and caecum of chickens. The inversely proportional dependence between the concentration of magnesium in the solution and the amount of vitamin C absorbed has been proved. A substantial increase of absorption of vitamin C in the jejunum from 2,60 mg/l/cm²/60 min to 3.83 mg/l/cm²/60 min and in the caecum 4.10 mg/l/cm²/60 min to 3.83 mg/l/cm²/60 min and in the caecum from 4.10 mg/l/cm²/60 min to 5.15 mg/l/cm²/60 min was determined. Ascorbic acid, however, decreased the absorption of magnesium. Vitamin C decreased the absorption of magnesium in the jejunum from 1.83 mg/l/cm²/60 min to 1.17 mg/l/cm²/60 min and in the caecum from 3.63 mg/l/cm²/60 min to 2.21 mg/l/cm²/60 min. Ascorbic acid in perfused fluid was marked by Roe-Kuether method. In time, along with the flow of perfused fluid the conditions for absorption changed.; pH increased and amount of vitamin C and magnesium absorbed by intestine decreased. This phenomenon is caused by a natural process connected with the saturation of the intestine wall with the vitamin concentrated during the earlier intense absorption, the increased level of ascorbic acid in the blood, as well as the loss of energetic substances and the secretion of enzymes, electrolytes and mucin in to intestinal lumen. The results obtained in the paper may by used in feeding, prophylaxis and treatment of domestic animals and people.
The purpose of the studies was to make a thorough examination of interaction between ascorbic acid and manganese in realtion to their absorption from the alimentary tract of hens. This seems to be a new issue and there are no publications on the subject in the literature available. The research has presented the influence of magnesium on the absorption of vitamin C and, vice versa, the influence of ascorbic acid on the absorption of magnesium by the method of perfused intestinal loop „in vivo” according to Mykkanen and Nys. Manganese radically increased the absorption of ascorbic acid from jejunum and caecum of chickens. The inversely proportional dependence between the concentration of mangenese in the solution and the amount of vitamin C absorbed has been proved. A substantial increase of absorption of vitamin C in the jejunum from 2.60 mg/ /l/cm²/60 min to 4.51 mg/l/cm²/60 min and in the caecum from 4.10 mg/l/cm²/60 min to 7.41 mg/l/cm²/60 min was determined. Ascorbic acid, however, decreased the absortion of manganese. Vitamin C decreased the absorption of manganese in the jejunum from 1.08 mg/l/cm²/60 min to 0.63 mg/l/cm² 60 min and in the caecum from 2.69 mg/l/cm²/60 min to 0.92 mg/l/cm²/60 min. Ascorbic acid in perfused fluid was marked by the Roe-Kuether method. In time, along with the flow of perfused fluid, the conditions of absorption changed: pH increased and the amount of vitamin C and manganase absorbed by intestine was decreased. This phenomenon is caused by a natural process connected with the saturation of the intestine wall with the vitamin concentrated during the earlier intense absorption, the increased level of ascorbic acid in the blood, as well as the secretion into the light of the jejunum enzymes, electrolites and mucin. The results can be useful for nutrition, preventative care and medical therapy of domestic animals and people.
In 50 domestic fowls: ducks, geese, turkeys and chickens, the content of vitamin C in the wall of glandular stomach, jejunum and caecum was determined. Vit. C was determined in tissues and blood plasma by the Roe-Kuether method, the level of an intermediate product of synthesis of D-glucuronic acid by the Bitter method, and the activity of L-gulono-y-oxidase active in the terminal stage of vitamin C synthesis by the Chatterjee method. The level of ascorbic acid synthesis was higher in the walls of the digestive tube in geese and ducks (321.1-294.2 mg/kg of tissue) than in turkeys and chickens (277.7-189.7 mg/kg of tissue). The authors conclude that there exists a close relationship between the synthesis of ascorbic acid, D-glucuronic acid and L-gulono-y-oxidase in domestic fowls. An increase of enzymatic activity of L-gulono-y-oxidase increases vitamin C biosynthesis. The synthesis of vitamin C in tissues of domestic fowls depends on the species and rearing conditions.
Millipedes are soil invertebrates participating in the decomposition of leaf litter. Previous studies indicated that soil invertebrates were useful in the environmental pollution research dedicated to the content and accumulation of heavy metals. The aim of the present study was to compare the content of some elements in bodies of adult millipedes Glomeris hexasticha (Brandt, 1833) collected from a more polluted town called Jaworzno in Upper Silesia, Southern Poland, and from the less polluted Lublin area, Eastern Poland. The content of elements was determined with the ICP method on a VISTA MPX Varian spectrometer. The concentrations of elements in the millipedes from Jaworzno appeared in the following decreasing order: Ca, P, S, Mg, K, Na, Fe, Al, Zn, Cu, Mn, Pb, B, Cr, Cd and Ni, compared to the Lublin area: Ca, P, K, Mg, S, Na, Fe, Al, Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb, B, Cr, Cd and Ni. It was confirmed that the elements such as Al, Zn, Mn, Cr, Cd and Ni in Glomeris hexasticha from Jaworzno were in higher concentrations than in specimens from the Lublin area. Reveresly, millipedes collected from the Lublin area contained higher concentrations of Ca, P, K, Mg, Na, Fe, Cu and B than those from Jaworzno. The results show that differences in the content and distribution of some elements at two locations with different levels of environmental pollution were clearly reflected in bodies of the millipede G. hexasticha.
The effect of vitamin C on iron (FeS04 x 7 H2O) absorption in chickens was assessed. The degree of iron and vitamin C absorption was determined by the perfused intestinal loop in vivo method. Vitamin C decreased iron absorption in the jejunum from 3.43 mg per 1 cm2 within 60 min. to 1.10 mg and in the caecum from 4.94 to 3.08, respectively. A significant increase of vitamin C absorption from 2.6 mg per 1 cm2 within 60 min. was found in the jejunum, and in the caecum from 4.1 mg to 13.35 mg. Some interaction between iron absorption and the presence of vitamin C in chickens was observed.
The effect of biotin on synthesis of vitamin C in intestinal wall was examined on meat chickens. The birds were injected intraperitoneally 1 mg of biotin/day for 30 days and after sacrification the content of vitamin C was determined in the wall of ileum and coecum by the method of Roe-Kuenthner, the level of an intermediate product of synthesis-D-glucuronic acid by the method of Bitter and the activity of L-gulono-gamma-oxydase active in a terminal phase of vitamin C synthesis by the method of Chatterjee. It was found a significant increase of vitamin C in the experimental group of chickens comparing to controls from 274.1 mg/kg to 302.9 mg/kg in ileum and from 141.3 mg/kg to 158.8 mg/kg in coecum. The level of D-glucuronic acid increased in ileum by 137% and in coecum by 16%. The activity of L-gulono-gamma-oxydase increased by about 50%. Biotin increased also absorption of vitamin C from intestines determined by the method of perfused intestinal loop in vivo. This observation is valid for the animals and man that can not synthesize ascorbic acid or synthesize the acid only in a small degree, and ascorbic acid is supplied with food only. Acceleration of ascorbic acid synthesis by biotin in animals that are able to synthesize ascorbic acid can protect these animals against deficiency of vitamin C in food.
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