The effect of auxin treatment on the formation of apomictic – endospermless grains in Poa pratensis was investigated in the study. Four polish cultivars: Skiz, Eska 46, Alicja, Ani as well as six breeding lines: POB 13, SK-W-33, SKW-15, SKW-35A, SK-W-35A and SK-W-35B were tested by embryological methods to reveal the reproduction pathway in greenhouse and field conditions. The obtained results showed that four genotypes, i.e. Alicja, Ani, Eska 46 and SK-W-35B are facultative apomictic and the other have formed seeds only on the apomictic way. In facultative apomicts it was found that in many cases both endospermless ovules containing embryo sacs with embryos or embryo sacs with well developed endosperm were formed. In the case of apomictic genotypes only endospermless seeds were observed.
The objective of this research project were the investigations of apomixis in choosen cultivars and strains of Poa pratensis. The following three Polish cultivars: Alicja, Ani, Nandu as well as three breeding strains: PN/15/R, PN/60/R and PN/162/R were investigated by embryological methods to reveal the reproduction pathway in glasshouse and field conditions. Especially, macrosporogenesis, embryo development and seed formation were analysed. Under over mentioned conditions, also the seeds set after self – and open pollination as well as pollen grain viability were investigated. The obtained data showed that four genotypes i.e. Alicja, Ani, Nandu and PN/60/R seems to be facultative apomicts and two strains (PN/15/R and PN/162/R) have formed seeds only on the apomictic way.
The European globeflower was shown to be highly self‐incompatible by flower bagging experiments, however, a very small degree of selfing was observed in natural populations. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the level of self-incompatibility (SI) in three Trollius europaeus populations from different sites of Poland and to assess a degree of cross-compatibility (CC) between these populations. The SI and CC of the globeflower populations were evaluated based on the pollen germination index (PGI). The observations of pollen grains germination and pollen tubes penetration were made in pistils after self- and diallel cross-pollination of globeflower plants. The pollination combinations which had the PGI equal or higher than 2 were regarded as compatible. Generally, the PGI after self-pollination of all globeflower population was over 2, indicating that they are self-compatible. Also, in two globeflower populations after cross-pollination the PGI was higher than 2 showing that there was cross-compatibility between plants of these two populations. However, the third population, from Biedrusko, was fully cross-incompatible.
Celem pracy było wyselekcjonowanie w warunkach in vitro roślin rzepaku ozimego przydatnych do uprawy na glebach o zwiększonej koncentracji metali ciężkich oraz oszacowanie, w jakim stopniu kwas abscysynowy (ABA) oraz stan fizjologiczny testowanych nasion mogą wpływać na odporność na sole metali ciężkich. Materiał badawczy stanowiły odmiany rzepaku ozimego: ‘Górczański’, ‘Kana’ i ‘Lisek’. Nasiona wykładano na pożywkę Murashigego i Skooga (MS) oraz na pożywkę MS z dodatkiem siarczanu miedzi w stężeniu 0,5 μM oraz soli kadmu w stężeniu 5,0 μM w różnym stanie fizjologicznym: nasiona suche, moczone przez 24, 48, 72 h w wodzie, moczone przez 24, 48, 72 h w wodzie z dodatkiem ABA. Odporne rośliny przenoszono do doniczek z ziemią i dalszą hodowlę prowadzono w warunkach szklarniowych. Sól kadmu okazała się bardziej toksyczna aniżeli sól miedzi. Stopień wrażliwości na zastosowane w eksperymencie sole zależał od badanego genotypu. Stan fizjologiczny wykładanych nasion testowanych odmian rzepaku ozimego miał istotne znaczenie w selekcji roślin odpornych. Najwięcej roślin odpornych otrzymano na pożywce z CuSO4 z nasion uprzednio nie moczonych w wodzie odmiany ‘Górczański’. Kwas abscysynowy spowodował zwiększoną odporność siewek u odmiany ‘Górczański’ na CuSO4. W przypadku selekcji odmian rzepaku ozimego na pożywce z dodatkiem siarczanu kadmu ABA nie wpłynął na zwiększenie odporności roślin na tę sól.
Most flowering species including Brassica genera have genetically controlled ability to out-crossing (gametophytic or sporophytic self-incompatibility – SI). In Brassica, self-incompatibility is sporophytically controlled by a single multiallelic locus, termed the S locus, with more than 100 haplotypes identified so far. From the breeding practice point of view, outcrossing is desired for obtaining acceptable yield level. So, the aim of the present study was to estimate the self-incompatibility and crossability in interspecific hybridization of five chosen Brassica species. The crossed species were: B. napus var. oleifera cv. Californium, B. carinata, B. fruticulosa, B. rapa ssp. pekinensis as well as two varieties of B. oleracea (var. alboglabra and var. gongyloides). The mode of pollination consist of diallel cross-pollination. The pollination was done in the glasshouse of Genetic and Plant Breeding Department of the Poznan University of Life Sciences. The crossability was evaluated on the base of the pollen germination index (PGI) and seed set in all tested cross combinations. The observations of pollen grains germination and pollen tubes penetration were made in pistils of female component of interspecific crosses. They showed unilateral incompatibility in the crosses between B. rapa ssp. pekinensis and B. napus var. oleifera cv. Californium (used as paternal form) as well as bilateral incompatibility in crosses between B. napus and B. oleracea var. alboglabra. Generally, better pollen germination and penetration of pollen tubes were observed in a cross combination where B. napus was used as a maternal parent. Both pre- -zygotic and post-zygotic incompatibility barriers were found between analyzed species.