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Two 33-day experiments were conducted. In each experiment, fifty male pigs about 9 kg body weight were divided into five groups and fed ad libitum a mixture containing soya bean meal in the control group (SBM), whereas in the experimental diets, 50% (experiment I) or 75% (experiment II) of the soya protein was replaced by the protein of raw or germinated seeds of yellow (RYL and GYL, respectively) or blue (RBL and GBL) lupin. The species of lupin had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on feed conversion ratio (FCR) in experiment I, whereas diet and germination significantly affected feed intake in experiment II. In experiment I feed utilization per kg body weight gain was worse (p < 0.05) in animals fed on the GYL diet than on GBL diet. In experiment II, intake of the GBL diet was significantly lower (p < 0.05) than of the SBM and RYL diets. Consumption of diet GBL was also significantly lower than of diet RBL. The alkaline phosphatase (AP) concentration was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the blood of animals fed the diets with germinated lupin than those containing raw lupin seeds. The concentration of AP in the blood of animals fed the RYL diet was significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared with the other diets. The replacement of 50% or 75% of soya bean meal protein by raw or germinated yellow and blue lupin seeds did not significantly affect performance, but the higher level of germinated blue lupin seeds negatively affected feed intake by the pigs.
The objective of our studies were seeds of two lupin species Lupinus luteus L. and Lupinus angustifolius L. cvs. Lord and Graf respectively. Lupin seeds were germinated at 15 and 24°C and during two, three and four days. In the lupin sprouts antinutritional factors: alkaloids and raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) and five nitrogen fractions: non protein (Nnp), albumin (A), globulin (G), glutelin and prolamin (Gt+P) and nitrogen residue fraction (Nr) were determined. The level of these compounds was compared with the proper ones of initial material (not germinated seeds). These studies showed that the germination process clearly affects the decrease of antinutritional factors: RFOs and alkaloids. The decrease level of these compounds depended on such factors like, lupin species and used germination conditions. It was found on the base of nitrogen analysis of particular protein fractions that the germination process of lupin seeds causes deep quantitative and qualitative changes in fractional composition of lupin proteins. It especially concerns the decrease of globulin and residual fraction content and distinct increase of Nnp fraction. The changes in other fractions were not so unequivocal in comparison with the mentioned above and depended on lupin species, temperature and time of germination. Qualitative changes of A, G and Gt+P fractions caused by germination were confirmed by gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The amino acid analysis of seeds and sprouts of Nnp fractions showed an increased content of Asp, Ser, Ala, Pronon essential amino acids (NEAA), and Val, Met, iLeu, Leu, Thressential amino acids (EAA). Simultaneously a decrease of Glu, Arg (NEAA), Phe, Lis, Cys (EAA) contents was observed. Generally the germination process causes the decrease of total NEAA and an increase of total EAA in Nnp fractions of both lupin species.
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