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At present, there is a great emphasis of public opinion on the legalisation of medical marijuana, i.e. the top parts of the cannabis plants rich in tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Nevertheless, in the cannabis plants, there are many various cannabinoids, including cannabidiol (CBD). Scientific reports to-date indicate the possibility for using pharmacologically active cannabinoids in the treatment of such diseases/symptoms as: anorexia, vomiting, neuropathic pain, inflammatory diseases, multiple sclerosis, degenerative diseases of the central nervous system (Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, Tourette’s syndrome), epilepsy, schizophrenia, and obesity. The article presents up-to-date information on the results of experimental studies concerning the effectiveness of cannabinoids, with particular consideration of diseases related with the central nervous system, including epilepsy, neuropathic pain, mental disorders, as well as obesity and anorexia.
Background. To compare the anticonvulsant potency of 10 various p-isopropoxyphenylsuccinimide (IPPS) derivatives [i.e., IPPS (IPPS); N-(morpholinomethyl)-IPPS (MM-IPPS); N-(anilinomethyl)-IPPS (AM-IPPS); N-hydroxymethyl-IPPS (HM-IPPS); N-(p-acetylphenyl)-IPPS (AP-IPPS); N-(p-ethoxycarbonylphenylmethyl)-IPPS (ECPM-IPPS); N-(m-bromoanilinomethyl)-IPPS (BAM-IPPS); N-(o-carboxyanilinomethyl)-IPPS (o-CAMIPPS); N-(m-carboxyanilinomethyl)-IPPS (m-CAM-IPPS); N-(p-carboxyanilinomethyl)-IPPS (p-CAM-IPPS)] in the maximal electroshock-induced seizure threshold (MEST) test in mice. Material and methods. Linear regression analysis of doses of IPPS derivatives and their threshold increases in the MEST test in mice allowed to calculate TID20 values i.e., doses of the tested IPPS derivatives that elevate by 20% the seizure threshold in IPPS-treated mice over the threshold in control animals. Results. A ll t he studied IPPS derivatives (i.e., IPPS, MMIPPS, HM-IPPS, AP-IPPS, AM-IPPS, ECPM-IPPS, o-CAM-IPPS, m-CAM-IPPS, p-CAM-IPPS and BAM-IPPS) increased in a dose dependent manner the threshold for maximal electroshockinduced seizures in mice. The TID20 values in the MEST test for IPPS, AP-IPPS, AM-IPPS, BAMIPPS, o-CAM-IPPS, m-CAM-IPPS, p-CAM-IPPS, ECPM-IPPS, HM-IPPS, and MM-IPPS were 60.44 mg/kg, 86.30 mg/kg, 44.69 mg/kg, 103.34 mg/kg, 22.43 mg/kg, 52.84 mg/kg, 80.85 mg/kg, 109.75 mg/kg, 32.62 mg/kg and 53.50 mg/kg, respectively. Conclusions. The studied IPPS derivatives with respect to their anticonvulsant potency in the MEST test can be arranged as follows: o-CAM-IPPS > HM-IPPS > AM-IPPS > m-CAM-IPPS > MM-IPPS > IPPS > p-CAM-IPPS >AP-IPPS > BAM-IPPS > ECPM-IPPS.
Background. It is estimated that approximately 1% of people worldwide suffer from epilepsy. Currently available antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are able to control epileptic seizures in about 70% of cases. In the remaining patients (30%), the application of two or three AEDs in combination is necessary for effective seizure management. The goal of this work was to characterize the interaction of three AEDs: lacosamide (LCM), carbamazepine (CBZ) and valproate (VPA) at the fixed-ratio of 1:1:1 in the mouse tonic-clonic seizure model. Material and methods. Male albino Swiss mice, after receiving a combination of LCM, CBZ and VPA, were challenged with electric current to evoke tonic hind limb extension (seizure activity). Protection of the mice from tonic-clonic seizures was assessed by isobolographic analysis to determine the type of interaction occurring between these drugs. Results. Type I isobolographic analysis revealed that the combination of LCM, CBZ and VPA produced infra-additive (antagonistic) interaction in the mouse tonic-clonic seizure model. Conclusions. Since the three-drug mixture of LCM, CBZ a nd VPA exerted an antagonistic interaction in the tonic-clonic seizure test in mice, we would caution physicians against treating epilepsy patients with this unfavorable combination.
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