An influence of the soil drought on changes in leaf injury index (LI), leaf water potential (Ψ), chlorophyll content (Chl), chlorophyll a fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and a leaf fluorescence excitation spectrum in the main fluorescence bands (F450, F520, F690, F740) in maize and triticale was compared. In control treatments (C) among the examined species there occurred both differences and similarities in examined physiological traits. Also in the control plants differences between maize and triticale were observed in fluorescence measurements at wavelengths of 440 and 520 nm, however for wavelengths 690 and 740 nm the differences were insignificant. Drought stress (MD, SD) caused, in the case of triticale and maize genotypes, a significant decrease of leaf water potential, chlorophyll content and photochemical efficiency and increased leaf injury index. Those changes in, LI, Ψ, Chl and Fv/Fm values were higher in seedlings subjected to severe drought (SD) and harmful effect of drought in maize was higher than in triticale. Results of measurements of invisible leaf injury (LI) indicate the existence of a dependence of membranes injuries value from the length of the applied drought, leaf age and plant species. For both species injuries of older leaves were always higher comparing younger ones. Both for maize and triticale for each day of measurement in treatments MDR and SDR seedlings showed a tendency to slightly more efficient removal of harmful impact of drought on the leaf cell membranes injuries. Distinctly higher differences between triticale and maize were observed in the measurements of blue (F450) and green fluorescence (F520). Mean values of F450 and F520 in the case maize were of about 6 and 4 times respectively, higher than for triticale. However for red (F690) and far-red (F740) differences between triticale and maize there were no significance. Moderate and severe drought (MD, SD) caused the increase in emission and excitation of leaves in F450, F520 and F690 fluorescence range. After the recovery chlorophyll fluorescence in blue, green, red and far-red range mostly attained the obtained values of the control plants. Drought stress caused significant increase in F690/F740 ratio comparing to the control. After recovery changes in F450/520, F450/690 and F690/F740 ratio mostly did no attain the obtained values of control plants, however in most cases complete return to control plants was also observed.
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