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1

Application of GISH and AFLP techniques for identification of Lolium-Festuca introgressions

100%
Skibinska M., Kosmala A., Humphreys M. W., Zwierzykowski Z.
Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters
|
2002
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tom 07
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nr 2A
At present, breeding programmes aimed at combining advantageous traits within the Lolium-Festuca complex, are mainly focused on introgression procedures. One principal objective, is the transfer of genes conferring resistance to abiotic stresses from Festuca species (F. pratensis, F. arundinacea and F. glaucescens) into Lolium multiflorum and L. perenne germplasm. In our experiments, two different hybrids: triploid - L. multiflorum (4x) x F. pratensis (2x) and pentaploid - F. arundinacea (6x) x L. multiflorum (4x) were backcrossed twice onto L. multiflorum cultivars, and numerous BC2 progeny generated. BC2 plants from both combinations were tested in field and/or simulated conditions for winter hardiness and drought resistance. GISH (genomic in situ hybridisation) analyses were then performed on the most winter hardy and drought resistant plants to locate putative genes for stress resistance. Using resistant L. multiflorum genotypes with a single Festuca chromatin segment, it was possible to allocate AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) markers specific to that segment. Markers associated with genes conferring stress resistance facilitate marker-assisted selection programmes to obtain new, more persistent grass cultivars. Preliminary results of GISH analysis, to identify Festuca chromosome segments in L. multiflorum introgression lines and to find segment-specific AFLP markers, are presented.
2

The role of photosynthetic apparatus in cold acclimation of Lolium multiflorum. Characteristics of mutants low-sensitive to PSII overreduction

88%
Rapacz M., Gasior D., Zwierzykowski Z., Kosmala A., Humphreys M. W.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
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2004
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tom 26
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nr 3 suppl.
3

Introgression of genes for drought resistance from Festuca Spp. into Lolium multiflorum

76%
Zwierzykowski Z., Kosmala A., Luczak M., Lesniewska-Bocianowska A., Zwiarzykowska E., Joks W., Humphreys M. W.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
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2004
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tom 26
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nr 3 suppl.
4

The role of the photosynthetic apparatus in cold acclimation of Lolium multiflorum. Characteristics of novel genotypes low-sensitive to PSII over-reduction

76%
Rapacz M., Gasior D., Koscielniak J., Kosmala A., Zwierzykowski Z., Humphreys M. W.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
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2007
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tom 29
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nr 4
During cold acclimation by higher plants, temperature perception via changes in redox state of Photosystem II (PSII) and subsequent acclimation of the photosynthetic apparatus to cold is very important for achieving freezing tolerance. These properties were studied in two groups (A and B) of the same backcross 3 (BC₃) progeny derived from a triploid hybrid of Festuca pratensis (2×) × Lolium multiflorum (4×) backcrossed three times onto diploid L. multiflorum cultivars. Leaves of Group A plants formed at 20℃ at medium-low light were unable to acclimate their photosynthetic apparatus to cold. Compared to Group B, the Group A plants were also more frost sensitive. This acclimation ability correlated with the freezing tolerance of the plants. However, leaves of the same Group A plants developed at 20℃, but under higher-light conditions had increased ability to acclimate their photosynthetic apparatus to cold. It was concluded that Group A plants may have impaired PSII temperature perception, and this then resulted in their poor capability to cold acclimate.
5
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Applications of recent advances at the Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research in cytogenetics of the Lolium-Festuca complex

51%
Humphreys M. W., Thomas H. M., King I. P., Morgan W. G., Meredith M. R., Harper J. A., Humphreys M. O., Bettany A. J. E., Dalton S. J., James A. R., Ougham H. J., Thomas H.
Journal of Applied Genetics
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1997
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tom 38
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nr 3
Recent advances at Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research (Aberystwyth, U.K.) in cytogenetics of the Lolium/Festuca complex places us in the advantageous position of being able to map genes of agronomic importance onto chromosome arms using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The ability to physically map genes leads to the capability for "dissecting" quantitative traits into their different components and will lead to better understanding of the complex physiological processes involved and the identification of their genetic control. By tagging genes of interest, using molecular and morphological markers, it will be possible to select and combine suites of desirable genes in a single genotype and thus produce novel cultivars by conventional breeding procedures. Programmes for introgression depend on the relationships between species and on levels of chromosome pairing. Phylogenetic relationships within the Lolium/Festuca complex are being determined using both genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and FISH. With recent advances in genetic manipulation within the Lolium/Festuca complex, opportunities now arise for gene transfer from Lolium and Festuca species into other important agricultural crops.
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