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Fossil wolverine remains were excavated in Deszczowa Cave (southern Poland). The oldest specimens were found in layers I and III, related to Saalian Glaciation (OIS 6). These are: a skull fragment with upper carnassial; another skull fragment with upper incisor; and a loose upper canine. The measurements of the upper carnassial (buccal length = 19.5 mm, width = 11.8 mm) indicate a small sized Gulo. It may be concluded that a small form of wolverine, typical for warm periods according to Bergmann's rule and known from late Middle Pleistocene sites of Europe and North America, was also present in Poland before the Last Glaciation. It cannot be excluded that specimens from Deszczowa Cave represent the G. schlosseri species or an intermediate form between G. schlosseri and G. gulo.
This paper presents the results of study on fossil materials collected from the archaeological site Ihrovytsya I (western Ukraine). The small mammals remains were accumulated inside fossil animal burrows. Six taxa of rodents (Spermophilus sp., Microtus gregalis, Microtus arvalis/gregalis, Microtus (Terricola) sp., Dicrostonyx gulielmi and Lemmus lemmus) and one taxon of lagomorphs (Ochotona pusilla) were identified among the collected bone remains. Species representation indicates a typical steppe-tundra community related with a cool climatic period. The age of the assemblage is confirmed by their position in a stratified and previously geologically investigated profile and should be connected with early part of the Last Glaciation (MIS 5a-5b or early part of MIS 4).
Caves formed a crucial shelters for people of Palaeolithic times. Among many archaeological cave sites known from Poland, the Biśnik Cave is one of the best recognized, with 18 cultural horizons of Middle Palaeolithic. The paper's aim was to check if geochemical traces of Neanderthal people have survived in the cave sediments. The samples of late Middle and early Late Pleistocene layers were analyzed by GC-MS method. The results allow to state the presence of two zoosterols (coprostanol and cholesterol) in sediments and to establish the participation of each sterol in particular layers. The ratio of sterol contents indicates the important impact of human faeces on the sedimentation of final Saalian, Eemian and early Weichselian sediments, but shows no clear evidence of human activity in older layers (middle Saalian). Achieved geochemical data stay in accordancc with settlement intensity reconstructed on the basis of archaeological rccord.
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