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The aim of the study was to trace the transverse ligament of the knee in staged human embryos. Investigations were carried out on 42 embryos of developmental stages 18–23 (44–56 postovulatory days) from the collection of the Department of Anatomy in Poznań. It was found that in embryos at stage 19 peripheral condensation of the mesenchymal interzone of knee joint, located anteriorly to the primordia of the cruciate ligaments, was recognizable. Clearly visible cellular primordium of the transverse ligament, connected with the medial and lateral menisci, was observed in stage 22. The primordium consisted of oval cells, arranged into densely packed parallel strands. The cells were greater than those forming the menisci. In embryos at stage 23 all intraarticular elements (articular surfaces, menisci and their ligaments, cruciate ligaments and transverse ligament) of the knee joint were clearly evident.
W opracowaniu przedstawiono wyniki badań eksperymentalnych cięcia warzyw okopowych: selera, marchwi oraz pietruszki. Analiza tych wyników potwierdza istotną zależność wartości siły cięcia od miejsca poboru próbki w przekroju poprzecznym warzywa.In this report the results of experimental tests of cutting of such vegetables as cerely, carrot end parsley are presented. The analysis of results confirms the strong depandence of unit force value on the place of sampling, in cross-section of given vegetable.
Investigations were carried out on 43 serially sectioned human embryos of developmental stages 18 to 23. The homogenous interzone of the future knee joint is observed in embryos at stage 18. During stage 19 this interzone is differentiated into dense, intensively stained, peripheral parts, which are the primordia of menisci and the medial portion, in which the cruciate ligaments are formed. All structures of the interior of the knee joint are more clearly delineated during stage 20, and they are well developed during the last embryonic week (stages 21–23).
On the right upper limb, during laboratory dissection the low division of the common trunk of the musculocutaneous nerve and the lateral root of the median nerve, low fusion of two roots of the median nerve as well as accessory heads of the coracobrachialis and biceps brachii muscles were found. The axillary and brachial arteries showed abnormal course.
This paper describes a rare case in which the left subclavian artery originates from a common stem arising from the aortic arch and splits into a brachiocephalic trunk and a left subclavian artery. The course of other large vessels of the aortic arch in this case are typical.
The study was to provide information on changes in humidity during short-term storage of seedlings on shelves in containers covered with different materials. Collected results made it possible to specify how the type of material of loading space coverings influences changes in the interior humidity. This made it possible to determine the effect of this factor on quality of seedling material under the specific conditions produced under the covering. Analyses in the loading space were conducted using temperature and humidity sensors by Vaisala, recording humidity changes for conditions found under the covering. Sensors were placed under different levels in the loading space. Some of them were equipped with fans enforcing air circulation, facilitating measurements of humidity over a larger space. Using a KNE Data Logger measurements were registered and the results were recorded on a PCMCIA memory card. Measurements were taken over a 24-hour period, facilitating analyses of the effect of a direct action of external conditions during the day and night on changes in humidity in containers covered with coverings made from different materials. It results from the conducted analyses that humidity changes occurred in each of the measurement points. These changes were more marked during intensive operation of sunlight, when a distinct drop in humidity was observed under loading space coverings. It was stated that the material, from which rack coverings were made, has a significant effect on the course of changes in interior humidity, which could have a significant effect on the quality of stored seedlings.
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