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The six-toothed bark beetle (Ips sexdentatus) is known to be associated with ophiostomatoid fungi. However, very little is known about these fungi in Poland. The aim of this study was: 1) to identify fungi of Ophiostoma s. lato carried by this bark beetle and 2) to test the pathogenicity of several commonly occurring fungi. Isolations were carried out from the beetles and their galleries at three sites in Poland. Samples yielded a total 3162 cultures, which included 10 species of Ophiostoma s. lato. The most frequently encountered fungal associates of I. sexdentatus were L. cf. truncatum, O. brunneo-ciliatum and O. ips. Ophiostoma cf. rectangulosporium, O. cf. abietinum, O. quercus and O. floccosum appeared to be also specifically associated with I. sexdentatus. Leptographium cf. truncatum and O. minus were most virulent and can be consideredas serious pine pathogens.
The assemblage and abundance of fungal species associated with Hylurgops palliatus on Pinus sylvestris, were studied in Poland. Fungi were isolated from beetles of H. palliatus and their galleries collected from three populations. In total, 1832 fungal isolates, including 38 species, were obtained. The most important group of fungi were the ophiostomatoid fungi. Among the seven species of ophiostomatoid fungi isolated, Leptographium lundbergii and an unknown species of Graphium sp. code-named "W" were the dominant species. Ophiostoma minus and O. piceae were also relatively common. All ophiostomatoid species, except L. lundbergii occurred more frequently on the overwintered adults than in gallery systems. Ophiostoma minus and O. piliferum are documented here as new associates of H. palliatus.
The pine-infesting weevils are known to be effective vectors of ophiostomatoid fungi. To understand more about fungal virulence of these fungi, inoculation studies were conducted on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Two-year-old seedlings were wound-inoculated with one of eleven ophiostomatoid fungi associated with pine-infesting weevils. After 11 weeks, a darkened lesion, extending from the point of inoculation, was observed in all species, except for Ophiostoma cf. abietinum Marm. & Butin, Ophiostoma quercus (Georgev.) Nannf., and Sporothrix inflata de Hoog. Seedling mortality was observed in seedlings inoculated with Leptographium truncatum (M.J. Wingf. & Marasas) M.J. Wingf., Leptographium lundbergii Lagerb. & Melin, Leptographium procerum (W.B. Kendr.) M.J. Wingf., Grosmannia radiaticola (J.J. Kim, Seifert & G.H. Kim) Zipfel, Z.W. de Beer & M.J. Wingf., Ophiostoma floccosum Math.-Käärik, Ophiostoma minus (Hedgc.) Syd. & P. Syd., and Ophiostoma piliferum (Fr.) Syd. & P. Syd. Ophiostoma minus and L. truncatum caused the largest lesions and sapwood blue-stain in Scots pine. Grosmannia radiaticola, Ophiostoma piceae (Münch) Syd. & P. Syd., O. floccosum, O. piliferum, L. lundbergii, and L. procerum produced significantly smaller lesions and sapwood blue- -stain than O. minus and L. truncatum, while O. cf. abietinum, O. quercus and S. inflata did not cause any lesions.
5
100%
Sylwan
|
2006
|
tom 150
|
nr 06
27-39
The paper presents the results of the isolation and identification of fungi from Quercus robur L. acorns infested by acorn major pests: Curculio glandium Marsh. and Kenneliola spp., and larvae of these insects. Acorns were collected in 2003, in three locations in Poland from the forest floor and from the nets suspended above the forest floor. The most frequently fungi isolated from acorns colonized by C. glandium was Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissl., and colonized by Kenneliola spp. were yeasts and A. alternata. Acorns collected from the nets were more often infected by A. alternata, Lecythophora sp., Pezicula cinnamomea (DC.) Sacc., Aspergillus and Cladosporium species, while acorns from the forest floor were often colonized by Ciboria batschiana (Zopf) N.F. Buchw. and species from Penicillium and Fusarium genera. The most frequently isolated fungi from C. glandium larvae were: Fusarium sporotrichioides Sherb., F. stilboides Wollenw., Penicillium spp. and Pestalotia clavispora Atk. and from Kenneliola spp. larvae were: A. alternata, F. sporotrichioides, Penicillium spp. and P. clavispora.
Ophiostomatoid fungi are known to be associated with Tomicus spp. on Pinus sylvestris. However, very little is known about the fungi present in the pine shoots damaged by these insects. The aim of this study was to survey species of Ophiostoma s.l. associated with fallen shoots of Scots pine pruned by Tomicus spp. in Poland. The study was conducted in four pure Scots pine stands in southern and south-western part of the country. Fungi were identified based on morphology and DNA sequence comparison for two gene (the ITS rDNA region and ß–tubulin). In total, 64 isolates obtained, represent seven species of ophiostomatoid fungi, including their asexual states of the genera. Two of them, Ophiostoma sp. 1 and Sporothrix sp. 1 probably represent new taxa. All species were found at very low frequencies. Among them, Ophiostoma minus, Ophiostoma sp. 1 and Sporothrix sp. 1 were the most frequently isolated, with a frequency of 2.0%. Occasionally, isolated species were: Leptographium piriforme, Ophiostoma canum, O. floccosum and Grosmannia cucullata-like. Association of species of Ophiostoma s.l. with Tomicus spp. and the taxonomic status of two new species are discussed.
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