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High COD concentrations in effluent, high membrane loading, and frequent congestion on the membrane are three common shortcomings of treating landfill leachate using the biodegradation technique. Accordingly, advanced treatment of the bio-chemical effluent of landfill leachate by Fenton oxidation combined with coagulation technique were performed in this study. The experiment was designed with the response surface method (RSM) considering three factors, i.e., the dosages of polymeric ferric sulfate (PFS), n(H2O2)/ n(Fe2+), and H2O2. Experimental results show that the fitting curve has high significance and sensitivity, and the prediction error of the COD removal rate is smaller than ±5%. The results also show that H2O2 has the greatest influence on COD removal rate, while PFS has the smallest. The optimal operating conditions for landfill leachate with a COD concentration of 2,000 mg/l are: the dosages of PFS (the concentration is 0.05g/ml), and H2O2 (30%) and n(H2O2)/n(Fe2+) are 67 ml, 17 ml, and 6 respectively. The optimized COD removal rate can reach as high as 92.11%.
Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the world’s most important cultivated vegetable. In the traditional cultivation methods, the excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers leads to an imbalance of nutrient elements in the soil, an increase in pests and diseases and a decrease in vegetable quality and yield. In the face of increasingly serious environmental and food problems, organic agriculture is considered to be an effective solution. In this experiment, the effects of organic cultivation patterns on the growth, quality, disease resistance in tomatoes, and the physical and chemical properties of soil were studied by different treatments. The results showed that the application of effective microorganisms (EM) bio-organic fertilizer in the cultivation process can significantly improve the yield, quality, and antioxidant enzyme activity of tomato. The use of straw mulching was found to significantly increase the growth, chlorophyll content, transpiration rate, and soluble sugar content of tomatoes. The application of EM bio-organic fertilizer or straw mulching significantly increased the activity of antioxidant enzyme and the expression of LeCHI gene in tomato leaves and enhanced tomato resistance to diseases. Organic production practices were found to significantly improve the soil.
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