Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników

Znaleziono wyników: 15

Liczba wyników na stronie
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 1 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników

Wyniki wyszukiwania

help Sortuj według:

help Ogranicz wyniki do:
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 1 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
The research was carried out in the apple orchard of Jonathan variety in which the following ways of fertilization has been applied for ten years: O - control, without mineral fertilization; A - fertilization with the dose of 525 kg NPK/ha on the whole surface of the interrow; B - fertilization with the dose of 525 kg NPK/ha onto herbicide fallow strips, and C - fertilization with the dose of 525 kg NPK/ha onto grass strips. High mineral fertilization increased the acidification of soil in all the fertilization treatments in comparison to non-fertilized plots. The highest decrease in pH was noted at the fertilization onto herbicide fallow strips. The fertilization did not affect however, the humus content in soil. A considerable differentiation in the content of humus compounds was found while analysing their horizontal distribution in the interrows. The soil in its surface level in the sector where wheel ruts are formed after the passage of tractors had the highest amount of humus.
The numerous passages of tractors and agricultural machines over the field soil on cultivation, growing season and harvesting cause considerable and multiple compaction of soil. The measurements taken in 20 State Farms show that in the production of cereals field area is compacted up to 2.5 times under wheeled machinery, in case of fodder - 3 times was reported, root crops - 5 times and in particular cases even up to 8 times coverage was noted. It was observed that almost half of total field traffic over the field takes place on harvesting. Thus the technology of yield should include a question of passes limitations at the same time reducing field area covered by wheeled machinery and agricultural tools ruts.
The passage of machines and agricultural equipment over the field during various operations causes soil compaction in the wheel tracks. It is not only the soil layer in direct contact with the wheel, but also the deeper layers that are compacted. Therefore, it should be considered whether the changes in the soil structure caused by compaction extend beyond the surface soil, and consequently, whether they can be removed by cultivation at a conventional depth. The results indicate that the downward effect of the wheel-induced stresses is significant and reaches the depth of 50 cm. The investigated soils showed changes of physical properties reaching that depth.
The results of the research pertaining to the long-term effect of various ways of soil utilizing on their reaction as well as some of their physical and chemical properties are presented in this paper. The research comprised six soil units (grey-brown podzolic soils, rusty soils and chernozems formed from silt formations, loams and sands). The properties of soils occurring in the natural forest habitat were compared with the properties of soils agriculturally utilized in the farms of various levels of agrotechnics as well as with the properties of orchard soils. In was noted that the soils agriculturally utilized in comparison to forest soils have different profile structure, different distribution of humic compounds in the profile and are more compacted. The effect of agricultural utilization on the soil reaction was the diminishing of acidification in soils formed from loess and loam. In large farms the increase in the reaction resulting from proper agrotechnics was larger than in small farms extensively utilized. In the soils formed from sand and sandy loam the positive effeect of agrotechnics on the reaction of soils was small.
Investigations on the influence of agricultural utilization on soil profile morphology, soil structure and other properties were carried out during the years 1986-1990. The following soil types were involved: Haplic Phaeozem developed from loess, Orthic Luvisol developed from loess, Stagnogleyic Luvisol developed from silt of water origin and from loam, Orthic Luvisol developed from sandy loam and Leptic Podzol developed from sand. The following agricultural utilization ways were taken into account in the detailed analysis: soils in natural forest conditions, soils utilized for agriculture in unmechanized farms, soils utilized for agriculture in farms with a full mechanization of field work, soils utilized for a more than 50 years as vegetable gardens. Data have shown significantly higher densities of arable-humus layers when compared to the corresponding horizons of forest soils. Mechanization of field work resulted in deterioration of soil structure as well as additional compaction of arable humus horizons and subsoils. These effects are different in different soils. The alteration of forest soil management to agricultural leads to a decrease of acidification and a different distribution of organic matter in the soil profile. These effects are related to the level of mechanization and to intensity of land use.
The present paper includes a comparison of physical properties of brown earths soils formed of loess utilized as forest soils with those soils that are used for farming purposes. The latter group of soils was studied with the respect of arable soil physical properties in farms of a low level of mechanization then those of full mechanization and finally hortisoil. It was found out that changes of forest utilization into agricultural, results in compaction increase of top soil - humic layer as well as in deterioration of water-air properties. In the group of soils used for farming purposes the greatest compaction was demonstrated by a field soil of full mechanized farm. The rise of compaction was statistically significant in 0-40 cm layer. The only clearly marked peculiarities of intensive soil culture process observed in hortisoil was growth of humus horizon depth and a slight increment in humus content.
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 1 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.