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There were analysed 658 cases of placenta retention in Low-Land-Black-and-White cows from 49 villages situated in the central-west region of the Ostrołęka voivodeship. Each year in 1.4—3.4% parturitions the retention of placenta was noted (a mean value 2.7%), mainly in cows ageing 3—8 years (79%), Comparing to the years 1984—1985 in 1986—1989 increased the number of parturitions with the retention of placenta by 61—143% of parturitions. Increased significantly also a percentage of abortions (from 6.8% to 11.4%), premature parturitions (from 2.4 to 4.5%) still born calves (from 11.4% to 18.9%) and multiple births (from 2.3% to 16.5%), monsters and developmental disturbances in newborns (from 0.6% to 4,5%) and complications after the retention of placenta (from 6.8% to 17.1%). Maximum number of parturitions was noted in autumn (29.4%) but the retention of placenta in spring (32.2%). It was not found any correlation between the intensity of calvings and frequency of the retention of placenta. In twin calvings cows spontaneously discharged one placenta and in the genital tract one placenta was retained.
The studies were carried out on cows and heifers coming from individual farms from the Ostrołęka district. The animals were divided into 4 groups. Group I — was given Oestrophan twice 11 days apart and the animals were inseminated after 72 and 96 hours. Group II — was administered one dose of Oestrophan intramuscularly. Group III — the animals were treated by corpus luteum exterpation. Group IV (control) consisted of animals with spontaneous oestrus during the studies. In the group I after 1—2 inseminations 95.45% of cows and heifers became pregnant within 5.5 days since the treatment termination. In the group II — oestrus appeared in 86.7% of animals within 5.4 days. Altogether 86.7% of females bacame pregnant. A mean number of days from the therapy termination to fertilization was 8.5 days. Worse results were obtained in the groups III and IV. The percentage of fertilization compared with the former groups was 50 and 73.3%, respectively and the number of days from the treatment termination to fertilization was 5—70 and 20—138 days.
There were analysed 962 cases of fertility disturbances in cows and heifers treated at the Specialistic Veterinary Hospital at Maków Mazowiecki during 1983—1989. The animals were derived from 49 villages located in the central-west part of the — Ostrołęka voivodship. In this region a mean percent of treated cows and heifers yearly was 4.0%. The fertility disturbances were most prevelent (78.3%) in cows aging up to 8 years. The highest number of cases was noted in cows at the age of 3 years (15.4%) and 6 years (15.6%). Anomalies in the development of the reproductive tract were noted in 59% of treated heifers. In clinical cases of infertility dominated endometritis (68.2%) including 43.2% of cases closely related to puerperium. Dysfunction of ovaries was noted in 31.8% of treated cows and heifers. The most prevelent was : hiperfunction of ovaries (16.4%), ovarian cysts (7.8%). The high percentage of cattle with reproductive disturbances points to unproper zootechnic and zoohygienic conditions in individual farms. This suggestion confirms an unproper schedule of calvings. In the examined region most cows after parturition change summer feeding on less effective winter feeding.
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