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The paper presents the results of a pilot study on post-secondary school students' interest in geography itself and geography university studies as well as an approach to geography as a scientific discipline. The continuous drop in post-secondary students' population poses a problem to universities, including the field of geography, therefore the research findings may be the support for taking steps intended to counteract the decline in geography studies popularity.
Campylobacter jejuni inactivation by high pressure processing (HPP) in poultry meat (chicken breast) was investigated. The pressure was created by high hydrostatic pressure piston-cylinder food processor. Contaminated with C. jejuni (108 CFU g-1) samples of ground poultry meat were hermetically sealed in a polyamide-polyethylene bags and exposed to HPP for 9 different combinations of pressure (200 MPa, 300 MPa and 400 MPa) and time (5 min, 10 min and 15 min). Quantitative bacteriological analysis was carried out in order to determine the number of surviving C. jejuni cells. The obtained results showed that C. jejuni is relatively sensitive to high pressure treatment as compared to other food-borne pathogens. The loss of C. jejuni viability increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner. On the basis of the results, D-values were calculated. For reduction C. jejuni in poultry meat by 6 log units (6D-values), considered as sufficient for consumer protection, the application of 300 MPa for 8.73 min, or 400 MPa for 4.37 min is needed. The linear regression equations, which has been calculated on the basis of this study, allows to determine the degree of C. jejuni reduction in poultry meat for any selected duration of pressurization in a given pressure range.
Twenty Abies alba trees were selected for restoration purpose of species in the Sudeten. Eleven features of cone and seeds collected from those trees were examined and all of them significantly differed selected trees. Five features, i.e. cone length, cone biggest diameter, length and width of ovuliferous scales, and length of wings with were recommended as having the highest diagnostic value.
Food business operators are required to implement and maintain a system based on HACCP principles. The HACCP is the only food safety management system, the implementation of which is obligatory. The standards laid down by the Codex Alimentarius Commission serve as benchmarks not only for the obligatory implementation of the HACCP system principles, but also for private standards such as ISO, IFS or BRC. A voluntary implementation of private standards may lead to the wrong assumption that food companies do not necessarily have to but only may comply with the guidelines laid down by the implemented standard. The HACCP system guarantees no absolute food safety in and of itself. The underlying assumption of the HACCP system is that high-risk hazards should be controlled with the use of critical control points (CCPs). It is impossible to identify CCPs in all enterprises. In certain food businesses there are exclusively medium-risk or low-risk hazards that may be controlled with oPRPs or PRPs, respectively. The awareness on the role of critical control points and prerequisite programmes in the producer’s efforts to prevent or eliminate hazards, or to reduce them to acceptable levels, is a key for performing a comprehensive supervision. During the performance of an official control, instead of focusing exclusively on the HACCP procedures, it is reasonable to apply an integrated approach comprising both prerequisite programmes and the HACCP principles.
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