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Large scaled projects are conducted in South Yellow Sea in recent years. Topographic effect and tidal current are key issues to the coastal engineering and the ocean engineering. In this study, field surveys were conducted to investigate the tidal level, current velocity, and current direction in South Yellow Sea. A numerical model was developed to simulate the radial current field based on the field data. To investigate the mechanism of the radial current field, the actual topography and a smoothed topography were applied in the numerical model, respectively. Results show that, the current field appeares radial because of the tidal system rather than the submarine topography. Local topography centralized the radiation centre and shifted the high-velocity zones. The actual topographic effect is proposed, and results show that local topography increases the flood tide velocity and decreases the ebb tide velocity. Lagrangian residual currents are calculated to illustrate possible sediment sources and transport routes
Mountain environmental stresses result in increased formation of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) in leaves of Polygonum viviparum. The activities of several antioxidative system enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1), catalase (CAT, EC 1.11.1.6), peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7), glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1) and the contents of several non-enzymatic antioxidants such as reduced form of ascorbate (ASC), dehydroascorbate (DHA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) were investigated in leaves of P. viviparum, which were collected from three altitudes (2,200, 3,200, and 3,900 m) of Tianshan Mountain in China. The activities of these four antioxidative enzymes were accompanied by increases of H₂O₂ levels from 2,200 to 3,200 m. However, the activities of CAT and POD were decreased, whereas the activities of SOD and GR continually increased at 3,900 m. Analyses of isoforms of SOD, CAT, POD, and GR showed that the leaves of P. viviparum exposed different altitude conditions are capable of differentially altering the intensity. Additionally, two new isoforms of SOD were detected at 3900 m. A continual increase in the ASC, ASC to DHA ratio, GSH and GSH/ [GSH + GSSG] ratio, and the activity of DHAR were observed in leaves of P. viviparum with the elevation of altitude. These results suggest that the higher contents of ASC, GSH as well as an increase in reduced redox state may be essential to antioxidation processes in the leaves of P. viviparum, whereas antioxidant enzymes system is a cofactor in the processes.
Low light is one of the most important factors affecting cucumber growth in winter solar greenhouses in northern China. Whether induction light intensity has an effect on expressions of rbcL, rbcS and rca genes in cucumber leaves grown under low light for long periods of time remains unclear. Here, two genotypes of cucumber were used to determine the effects of growth and induction light levels on photosynthetic induction. It was found that regardless of growth and induction light intensity, the transcript levels of rbcL, rbcS and rca increased quickly once the plant was exposed to light. The variations of the photosynthesis (PN), stomatal conductance (gₛ), actual photosystem II efficiency (ΦPS II) and Rubisco activity were similar to transcript levels. Plants grown at a photon flux density (PFD) of 100 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹ had lower PN, and initial and total Rubisco activity than those grown at 600 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹ , regardless of induction PFD; for plants grown at the same PFD, PN, gₛ and Rubisco activation rate induced under PFD of 100 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹ were lower than those under 600 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹ . Rubisco, especially RCA, played a great role on photosynthesis during photosynthetic induction. Compared with Jinyan No. 2, Deltastar may possess potential low-light tolerance with a lower decrease of PN, and initial and total Rubisco activities when grown and induced at 100 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹ than 600 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹ . Moreover, the mechanism of Rubisco activase in regulating Rubisco during photosynthetic induction is also discussed.
Molecular techniques were employed to document the microbial diversity associated with the marine sponge Pachychalina sp. from South China Sea in March 2003. Using the total microbial DNA as template, bacterial and archaeal 16S rDNAs were amplified by PCR with universal primers. Amplified products were cloned, sequenced and secondarily amplified by PCR. Then the secondarily amplified products were purified to be further characterized by amplified rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA). According to the enzyme restriction mapping, the apparent difference among them were disclosed. 22 bacterial cloned partial sequences were acquired and most of them were related to proteobacterium. Also, 7 archaeal cloned partial sequences were acquired and a phylogenetic tree was built up.Result shows the prolific bacterial and archaeal diversity of marine sponge Pachychalina sp.
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This study tested the robustness of our computational model of myocardial metabolism by comparing responses to two different inputs with experimental data obtained in pigs under similar conditions. Accordingly, an abrupt and a gradual reduction in coronary flow of similar magnitude were implemented and used as model input. After flow reductions reached 60% from control values, ischemia was kept constant for 60 min in both groups. Our hypotheses were that: (1) these two flow-reduction profiles would result in different transients (concentrations and flux rates) while having similar steady-state values and (2) our model-simulated responses would predict the experimental results in an anesthetized swine model of myocardial ischemia. The two different ischemia-induction patterns resulted in the same decrease in steady-state MVO2 and in similar steady-state values for metabolite concentrations and flux rates at 60 min of ischemia. While both the simulated and experimental results showed decreased glycogen concentration, accumulation of lactate, and net lactate release with ischemia, the onset of glycogen depletion and the switch to lactate efflux were more rapid in the experiments than in the simulations. This study demonstrates the utility of computer models for predicting experimental outcomes in studies of metabolic regulation under physiological and pathological conditions.
Collapse is very common in tunnel construction, which can bring immense casualties and economic losses. The interface of soft and hard rock is the typical location for a tunnel collapse. During Shimenya Tunnel construction, collapse of the section ZK123+370~ZK123+365 of the left tunnel occurred. This paper discusses how distribution of layered rock, attitude of the stratum, hydrogeololgy, and advanced geological prediction can contribute to tunnel collapse. According to collapse mechanisms and in situ collapse conditions, managing and monitoring plans were applied to the tunnel collapse section. To ensure the efficiency and safety of collapse management, convergence displacement and arch crown settlement were measured in the process of tunnel information management. Cause analysis of soft and hard rock tunnel collapse and information management can provide a beneficial reference for avoiding tunnel collapse and developing collapse management programs.
As a renewable energy source, microalgae have wide interest as a potential tool to produce biofuel and bioproducts. Prevailing in the local habitat, indigenous microalgae are more successful for wastewater treatment processes. Integrated microalgae-based biofuel and bioproduct production with wastewater treatment is a successful practice of modern research. This report describes the isolation and identification of 61 microalgal strains from lakes, springs, ponds, creeks, and rivers of the gigantic area of Malakand, Pakistan. Our study involves the seasonal existence of Chlorophyta in the area, with most dominant flora identified in the summer season followed by spring, autumn, and winter seasons, respectively. The highest ratio of microalgae was found in stagnant waters followed by slow-running water and running water, respectively. However, algal species were reported from all water bodies throughout the year. Commercially important genera like Chlorella, Scenedesmus, and Chlamydomonas were also reported, attracting the research area for further analysis regarding biofuel, bioproduct production, and simultaneous wastewater treatment.
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