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The influence of the inter-breed interactions between the bees of the Caucasian (CAU), Carnelian (CAR) and Buckfast (BC) genotypes on the results of their hoarding activity was studied. For the experiments three environments with the artificial nectar flow were created. The intensity of bee competition was different in each environment. The CAU were poor competitors, i.e. they were efficient only in the environment without competition (p < x; x 0.0001 - 0.004) whereas the CAR were good with that respect, i.e. they were better in the environments with competition (p < x; x 0.01 - 0.02 ). The competitiveness of the BC was medium or more similar to the CAR (differences between BC and CAU, as well as BC and CAR were statistically not significant; p > 0.05), i.e. they were insensitive to either competition or no competition, since theirs hoarding efficiency was relatively similar in each of the three experimental environments (p < x; x 0.07 - 0.33). The occurrence of the huge genotype-environment interactions (F001 = 5.09; p < 0.0013 and F001 = 6.01; p < 0.0004) and significant influences of the experimental environments (F001 = 14.7; p < 0.0001 and F001= 18.1 p < 0.0001) have been revealed. The genotype ranking was distinctly different in each of the environments due to the bee competition. Effects of genotypes (independently on environment) were insignificant (p > 0.23 and p > 0.98). Consequently, bees of some genotypes are more sensitive to bee competition whereas bees of other genotypes are less sensitive. The worker-bee competitive abilities should be considered by bee breeders, especially in the regions densely populated by various honeybee breeds (sub-species).
Defence behaviour (sting test), hygienic behaviour (needle test) and syrup foraging rate were studied in honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies artificially made up of defensive and gentle bees (1:1),and were compared with homogenous colonies made up only of either defensive or gentle bees.The defensive bees turned out to be high-hygienic whereas the gentle bees were low-hygienic. The mixed colonies were defensive in terms of time to the first sting, but gentle or intermediate in terms of the number of stings. Colonies of mixed high-hygienic (defensive) and low-hygienic (gentle) bees were found to be intermediate or high-hygienic when they were monitored after a period of 12 or 24 h, respectively. Foraging rate was also markedly differentiated in homogenous colonies. The colonies with a mixture of good and poor foragers exhibited a poor foraging rate. Repeatability of the monitored traits was higher in the 100% defensive/high-hygienic colonies (higher genetic effect) than in 100% gentle/low-hygienic colonies. Efficient workers performed tasks by themselves and did not solicit help from non-efficient workers. Results of combining of different bee types occurred different. Interworker interactions were mostly non-additive for foraging and defensive behaviour,but additive for hygienic behaviour.
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