Ograniczanie wyników

Czasopisma help
Autorzy help
Lata help
Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników

Znaleziono wyników: 49

Liczba wyników na stronie
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 3 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników

Wyniki wyszukiwania

help Sortuj według:

help Ogranicz wyniki do:
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 3 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
Relatively little is known about the direct influence of acid rain (AR) on pro-and antioxidative changes in plant cells. Intercompartmental differences between cytosol and mitochondria were not studied before. Aboveground parts of plants treated with different pH variants of AR and prooxidative changes (lipid peroxidation) as well as antioxidative enzyme activities (ascorbate peroxidase, APx; glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px) in the cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions were examined. The character of changes in antioxidative enzyme activities and of prooxidative alterations was closely connected with the cell com partment as well as with pH and time after treatment. The activity of both APx and GSH-Px increased more intensively in cytosol. Contrastingly, strong induction of lipid peroxides formation was observed in the mitochondrial fraction. The results suggest that cucumber mitochondria are more susceptible to oxidative damage caused by AR than cytosol. Antioxidative defense of cytosol appeared to provide sufficient protection against the oxidative stress imposed by AR.
Relatively little is known about the direct influence of acid rain (AR) on pro- and antioxidative changes in plant cells. Intercompartmental differences between cytosol and mitochondria have not been studied before. Aboveground parts of plants were treated with different pH variants of AR and oxidative damages (lipid peroxidation) as well as antioxidative enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, SOD; ascorbate peroxidase, APx; glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px) in the cytosolic and mitochondrial fractions were examined. The character of changes in antioxidative enzyme activities and of oxidative damages was closely connected with the cell compartment as well as with pH and time after treatment. The activity of both APx and GSH-Px increased more intensively in cytosol. Contrastingly, strong induction of lipid peroxide formation was observed in the mitochondrial fraction. In both cell compartments SOD activity did not change significantly. The results suggest that cucumber mitochondria are more susceptible to oxidative damage caused by AR than cytosol. Antioxidative defence of cytosol appeared to provide sufficient protection against the oxidative stress imposed by AR.
The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) as well as proline content were studi ed in leaves and roots of14 day-old pea plants treated with NiSO4 (10, 100, 200 pM) for 1,3, 6 and 9 day s. Exposure of pea plants to nickel (Ni) resulted in the decrease in CuZnSOD as well as total SOD activities in both leaves and roots. The activity of APX in leaves of plants treated with 100 and 200 pM Ni increased following the 3rd day after metal application, while in roots at the end of the experiment the activity of this enzyme was significantly reduced. In both organs CAT activity generally did not change in response to Ni treatment. The activity of GST in plants exposed to high concentrations of Ni increased, more markedly in roots. In both leaves and roots after Ni application accumulation of free proline was observed, but in the case of leaves conceniraiion of this amino acid increased eariier and to a greater extent than in roots. The results indicate that stimulation of GST activity and accumulation of proline in the tissues rather than antioxidative enzymes are involved in response of pea plants to Ni stress.
Changes in the antioxidative enzyme activities (SOD, CuZnSOD, GSH-Px, GST), as well as TBARS content in 5-week-old tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv ‘‘Perkoz’’) roots were examined 1, 3 h (short-term stress) and 1–14 days (long-term stress) after a single application of 50 mM (mild stress) and 150 mM NaCl (severe stress). The severe stress caused an increase in GST, GSH-Px and SODs activities from the beginning of the experiment while mild stress induced enhancement of GST activity from the second day of experiment. The maximum increase in SODs after both NaCl solutions were applied and in GST activity after the higher NaCl dose on the second day of the experiment was observed. Moreover, after 1 h of NaCl treatment with both tested NaCl solutions, the highest induction of GSH-Px activity appeared. TBARS content was elevated from the first hour of salt stress and decreased only 14 days after 50 mM NaCl application which was accompanied by high induction of GSH-Px activity. In conclusion, enhanced activities of tested enzymes indicate their involvement in early and late defence systems under salinity stress. Moreover, the dynamics of the changes in the antioxidant enzymes suggests that the second day following NaCl application is a crucial moment of the experiment with regard to saltmediated oxidative stress.
Tolerancja na stres solny związana jest między innymi ze sprawną obroną antyoksydacyjną. Zmiany aktywności enzymów glutationozależnych (GPX i GST) ogórka traktowanych 30 mM NaCl badano w dwóch układach: in vitro i in vivo aklimatyzowanych i nieaklimatyzowanych do stresu. Proces aklimatyzacji roślin ogórka i zawiesiny komórkowej 3 mM NaCl spowodował istotny (p < 0,05) wzrost aktywności peroksydazy glutationowej o blisko 90-100% w porównaniu z odpowiednimi układami nieaklimatyzowanymi do stresu solnego. Wystąpienie zasolenia (30 mM NaCl) wpłynęło istotnie (p < 0,05) na wzrost aktywności GPX o odpowiednio o 116%, 113%, 48% i 59% po 1, 3, 24 i 72 godzinach od wystąpienia stresu w stosunku do wartości kontrolnych. Aktywność peroksydazy glutationowej w liściach roślin nieaklimatyzowanych wzrosła o 42% (p < 0,05) po 24 godz. i o 99% (p < 0,01) po 72 godz. od zastosowania 30 mM NaCl. W hodowli komórkowej aklimatyzowanej do stresu, aktywność GST wykazywała istotny 20 % (p < 0,05) wzrost w odpowiedzi na zasolenie. Obecność stresu solnego spowodowała wzrost aktywności S-transferazy glutationowej w roślinach nie poddanych aklimatyzacji po 24 godz. o 111% (p < 0,01) oraz odpowiednio o 188% (p < 0,001) i 100% (p < 0,01) po 24 i 72 godz. od wystąpienia czynnika stresowego w liściach roślin aklimatyzowanych. Prezentowane wyniki dowodzą, że w procesie aklimatyzacji w obu badanych układach kluczowe znaczenie wydaje się odgrywać peroksydaza glutationowa.
The influence of 50 and 100 µM Ni on the activities of nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NiR), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthase (GOGAT), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), alanine aminotransferase (AlaAT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AspAT) was studied in the wheat roots. Root fresh weight, tissue Ni, nitrate, ammonium, glutamate and protein concentrations were also determined. Exposure to Ni resulted in a marked reduction in fresh weight of the roots accompanied by a rapid accumulation of Ni in these organs. Both nitrate and ammonium contents in the root tissue were considerably enhanced by Ni stress. While protein content was not significantly influenced by Ni application, glutamate concentration was slightly reduced on the first day after treatment with the higher Ni dose. Treatment of the wheat seedlings with 100 µM Ni led to a decrease in NR activity; however, it did not alter the activation state of this enzyme. Decline in NiR activity observed after application of 100 µM Ni was more pronounced than that in NR. The activities of GS and NADH-GOGAT also showed substantial decreases in response to Ni stress with the latter being more susceptible to this metal. Starting from the fourth day, both aminating and deaminating GDH activities in the roots of the seedlings supplemented with Ni were lower in comparison to the control. While the activity of AspAT remained unaltered after Ni application that of AlaAT showed a considerable enhancement. The results indicate that exposure of the wheat seedlings to Ni resulted in a general depression of nitrogen assimilation in the roots. Increase in the glutamate-producing activity of AlaAT may suggest its involvement in supplying the wheat roots with this amino acid under Ni stress.
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 3 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.