Environmental factors such as high fat content in a diet affect pro- and antioxidative balances in tissues. Our study was designed to determine whether a four-week diet enriched to a total of 15% fat content with either a polyunsaturated (linoleic) or saturated (palmitic) fatty acid predisposes or protects the liver tissue against oxidative stress in both non-diabetic and diabetic rats. In the rat liver the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were determined. Our study suggests that both diets induce oxidative stress in livers of non-diabetic rats. However, in diabetic rats a diet enriched in linoleic acid appears to attenuate oxidative stress.
Cessation of blood flow in tissues leads to depletion of energetic resources of cells, disturbances in the activity of enzymes of the oxidative chain and electrolyte disorders, as well as to the production of reactive oxygen species. A great deal of attention has been paid to those problems since they are responsible for most of the complications in the ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) syndrome. Understanding the antioxidative mechanisms involved in I/R syndrome provides us with the potential to correct at least some of the resulting disturbances. One of the potentially beneficial factors is insulin. This observation directed our attention to the insulin-like factors, kinins (especially bradykinin), the activation of which was detected in I/R syndrome. The effect of bradykinin is modified by concurrent administration of the specific antagonists of bradykinin receptors, B1 and B2. The aim of the current study was to assess the role of bradykinin. In the study, the employed agents included the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, which prevents the degradation of endogenous kinins, and blockers of bradykinin receptors, which abolish the influence of kinins. We observed that after 4 hours of ischemia followed by reperfusion, levels of free radicals in tissues as well as levels of peroxides in plasma increased significantly. Administration of bradykinin, captopril or enalapril resulted in the decline of these free radical levels. The application of B2 receptor antagonist decreased the beneficial influence of bradykinin, whereas B1 receptor antagonist revealed no significant effect. Activities of antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) were measured. After 4 hours of ischemia and consecutive steps of reperfusion, a statistically significant increase in their activities was observed when bradykinin or ACE inhibitors were administered. Application of B2 receptor blockers reduced the effect of bradykinin, whereas the effect of B1 receptor antagonists was minute.
The aim of this study was to determine the nutritional factors connected with the prevalence of hypertension in rural and urban areas of Greater Poland. The study consisted of 308 people aged 35-62, with essential hypertension but without any other coexisting disorders. The studied group consisted of 154 residents of Poznań (79 women and 75 men) and 152 inhabitants of rural areas in Greater Poland (78 women and 74 men). Participants were randomly assigned to the study. Nutritional state assessment was based on Body Mass Index (BMI) and body fat percentage. Dietary intake were assessed with a 24-hour nutritional survey from 3 consecutive days. Analysis of anthropometric examination results showed a large prevalence of obesity in the studied group. Moreover people living in rural areas had a significantly higher BMI and body fat percentage than those living in a city. It has been proved that the patients with hypertension consume food with an excess of fat and a shortage of fibre, antioxidant vitamins, potassium, calcium and magnesium. The total food rations of rural dwellers consisted of larger amounts of fat, cholesterol and vitamin A compared to those of city dwellers. Present studies have shown incorrect dietary intake among patients with hypertension, often related to the coexistence of overweight and obesity. Obtained results indicate significantly worse eating habits and state of nutrition among rural inhabitants.
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To be effective, probiotic bacteria must exhibit a number of functional characteristics, including the resistance to gastric acidity and the ability to adhere to the intestinal epithelium. In this study, we examined in vitro the viability of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) combination after exposure to low pH, and the adhesion of LAB to Caco-2 cells during coincubation of 9 bacterial strains. To test bacterial viability, 6 commercially available products were incubated in 0.1 N HCl at pH 1.2 for 60 min. The greatest growth inhibition was noted for the non-capsulated product containing the Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain (log reduction of CFU = 6.4), and the best survival observed for the product containing 9 bacterial strains, equipped with a modern capsule made according to the Multi-Resistant Encapsulation technology (log reduction of CFU = 0.1). In the adhesion experiment, the combination of 9 bacterial strains was added to 17-day-old Caco-2 cell culture for 90 min. The greatest efficiency of adhesion was observed for the inoculum containing 5.5 × 108 CFU/mL/9.6 cm2 of Caco-2 and the dose of probiotic bacteria of 190 cells per one Caco-2 cell. As a result, approximately 157 bacterial cells adhered to one Caco-2 cell. The results indicate that the combination of 9 bacterial strains in the examined product is characterized as highly adhesive.
An unhealthy lifestyle among young people is a serious and often unnoticed problem. It seems that there are differences in the lifestyle of young people from rural and urban areas. The objective of this study was to compare eating habits and physical activity of young adults according to their body weight, gender and place of residence. The study involved a group of 18-year-olds from rural and urban environments. The study included 50% girls and 50% of boys in each group, selected by simple random sampling (SRS). The author-designed questionnaire evaluating the nutrition habits and physical activity was provided. It was found that in the group of boys the value of BMI was markedly higher than in girls. Compared to the normal weight, young overweight adults ate meals more frequency, the majority preferred meat dishes, more often ate under the stress, and had lower physical activity. It was found that gender had a significant impact on the studied parameters. The girls ate meals more frequent during the day, the majority preferred fruit and vegetable, but had lower physical activity than the boys. It was found that the young adults from the rural area preferred fast food and frequently ate sweets. Compared to the subjects from the urban environment, the young adults living in the countryside consumed fewer meals daily and were more physical active. About a half of the studied adults were not satisfied with their weight, and nearly 40% of the subjects in both groups admitted that they had made effective or ineffective attempts to lose weight. The lifestyles of young people in rural and urban areas were slightly different; however, dietary factors which predispose to weight gain were comparable in both groups. In the rural areas, the most frequent nutritional faults were a preference for fast food, frequent consumption of sweets, and few meals during the day. A positive aspect of the lifestyle of young people in the rural areas was a relatively high level of physical activity and the small effect of stress on excessive consumption.
Gorączka Q stanowi ważny problem epizootiologiczno-epidemiologiczny u ludzi i bydła w regionie Żuław. Badania przeprowadzone w 9 Zakładach Rolnych wykazały obecność przeciwciał anty C. burnetii u bydła w 6 fermach hodowlanych: w ZR „Janów" — 92% badanych zwierząt, ZR „Stegna Gdańska" — 42%, ZR „Marynów" — 15%, ZR „Nowinki" — 10%, ZR „Tuja" — 6% i ZR „Orłowo" — 4%. W fermie „Janów" wykryto u 11 pracowników (14%) przeciwciała anty C. burnetii. Hospitalizowano 3 osoby. Szczególnie wysoki odsetek przeciwciał wykazano odczynem ELISA u ludzi w 5 fermach. W diagnostyce różnicowej chorób odzwierzęcych u ludzi i zwierząt zamieszkujących ten region lekarze winni uwzględnić gorączkę Q. W ZR „Janów" stwierdzono wysoki odsetek przeciwciał anty C. burnetii u gryzoni (myszy domowe) żyjących w magazynach paszowych (80%), które stanowią niebezpieczny rezerwuar i źródło zakażenia gorączką Q. Najmniej przydatny w diagnostyce okazał się odczyn wiązania dopełniacza, najczulszy — test ELISA, a następnie odczyn immunofluorescencyjny i odczyn mikroaglutynacji.
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Introduction: School anxiety has become a common problem in children and adolescents. Despite numerous studies, it is difficult to definitely identify the cause of neurotic disorders in school-age children. The objective of the presented study was to assess the prevalence of neurotic disorders in rural schoolchildren and the role of physical activity as a method to support their treatment. Material and methods: The study consisted of 123 girls and 117 boys living in rural areas of Wielkopolska. A questionnaire was provided evaluating family status, family relationships, school situation, somatic symptoms related to being at school, and the frequency of physical activity. Results: It was found that over the 50% of children considered the relations with siblings as correct, but also acknowledged that there were a conflict situations in their relationship. Nearly 25% of children indicated an emotional irrelevance with their parents. About 20% of the young people did not like going to school or were afraid to stay there. Over the 50% of children declared somato-emotional problems associated with the being at school. The symptoms of neurotic disorders were more strongly expressed and more common in girls. Analysis of physical activity indicated that only a small group of young people practiced sport regularly, and an even smaller percentage of children exercised with their parents and/or peers. Conclusions: The development of somatic and emotional disturbances in children may be associated with irregular family and school relationships and low physical activity. It was found that gender had a significant influence on most of the studied parameters.
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