Ograniczanie wyników

Czasopisma help
Autorzy help
Lata help
Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników

Znaleziono wyników: 19

Liczba wyników na stronie
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 1 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników

Wyniki wyszukiwania

help Sortuj według:

help Ogranicz wyniki do:
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 1 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
Background: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the number of steps a day and biological (body fat, lean body mass, BMI and estimated VO2 max) and psychological (self-efficacy, enjoyment of PA and self-perception of body image) factors in 16-18-year-old girls. Material/Methods: The study included data from 60 girls, aged 16-18. Voluntary participants were selected from a public high school in Poland. Number of steps was measured with a pedometer Yamax Digi-Walker, model SW 701, during 7 days. Girls were classified into three groups: low active, slightly active and active (5,000-7,499; 7,500-9,999; ≥ 10,000 steps/day, respectively). The levels of psychological factors were determined by means of a questionnaire survey. Estimated VO2 max was assessed by a 1-mile walk test. The percentage of body fat and lean body mass was evaluated using Bodystat 1,500, bio-impedance method. Results: Analysis of variance showed no statistically significant differences in the biological and psychological variables among low active, slightly active and active girls. Conclusions: Girls in the study performed approximately from 5,000 to 12,500 steps a day. To explain better relationships between daily step counts and psychological and biological variables future research should additionally involve girls with less than 5,000 steps a day and more than 12,500 steps a day.
In 2006, an emaciated female peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) was found in Szczecin (North-West Poland). Parasitological, microbiological, and ecotoxicological (including determination of concentrations Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, V, Pb, and Cd) examinations involved the digestive tract, kidneys, liver, brain, breast muscle, and bone. The presence of nematode Serratospiculum tendo (in air sacs), trematodes Strigea falconi and Conodiplostomum spathula, and cestode Cladotaenia cylindracea (in the digestive tract) were demonstrated. Two species of fungi (Aspergillus nidulans and Cladophialophora boppi), responsible for mycosis, were isolated from the skin of breast region. Escherichia coli (rough type) was isolated from the liver, kidneys, lung, small intestine, and heart. Moreover, Micrococcus luteus and Proteus mirabilis were found in the lungs. Worrisome high concentrations of Fe and Mn were denoted, especially in the liver (over 6 000 and 22 mg/kg d.w., respectively).
Expression patterns of candidate genes with important functions in animal metabolism can help to identify potential molecular markers for cattle production traits. Reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction is a method for rapid and accurate mRNA quantification. However, for exact comparison of mRNA quantity in various samples or tissues, it is important to choose appropriate reference genes. In cattle, little information is available on the expression stability of housekeeping genes (HKGs). The aim of the present study is to develop a set of reference genes that can be used for normalization of concentrations of mRNAs of genes expressed in the bovine liver, kidney, pituitary and thyroid. The study was performed on 6-, 9-, and 12-month-old bulls of dairy and meat cattle breeds. Six HKGs were investigated: ACTB, GAPDH, HPRTI, SDHA, TBP, and YWHAZ. The most stably expressed potential reference HKGs differed among tissues/organs examined: ACTB, TBP, YWHAZ, GAPDH, HPRTI, and SDHA in the liver; GAPDH and YWHAZ in the kidney; GAPDH and SDHA in the pituitary; and TBP and HPRTI in the thyroid. The results showed that the use of a single gene for normalization may lead to relatively large errors, so it is important to use multiple control genes based on a survey of potential reference genes applied to representative samples from specific experimental conditions.
INTRODUCTION: Huntington’s Disease (HD) is an neurodegenerative disorder, caused by a mutation in the CAG repeat tract of the huntingtin gene HTT, characterized by a progressive loss of neurons in the striatum and phenotypic features that are common in other neurodegenerative diseases. AIM(S): The aim was to 1) test personalized, precise genome editing technology based on high fidelity Cas9 variants in somatic gene therapy of trinucleotide repeat degenerative disorder such as HD, 2) and to test whether the N-terminal truncated protein is able to support normal neuronal development, 3) dissect the impact of the mutation on neuronal development. METHOD(S): Patient specific hiPSCs were generated using an integration-free method. hiPSC were edited by improved fidelity Cas9‑sgRNA expression vectors located upstream and downstream of the CAG repeats in Exon 1, HDR repair templates with different numbers of CAG repeats. Gene edited iPS clones were characterized for the potential modification at predicted off‑target sites. The lines were subjected for the functional studies with high-content screening. RESULTS: hiPSCs editing resulted into different products that underwent the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), precisely corrected clones by homologous recombination (HR) and NHEJ mediated excision of the Q/P repeat region by reannealing of the DSB resulted into an in-frame Htt coding region lacking the N‑terminal Q/P repeat. CONCLUSIONS: 1) HD and corrected isogenic hiPSCs can be differentiated into excitable, synaptically active neurons; 2) Study demonstrates associated phenotypic abnormalities; 3) Personalized high fidelity Cas9 variants showed an improved specificity profile, suitable for somatic gene therapy; 4) Study shows the importance of isogenic controls for modeling and personalized gene therapy using patient specific hiPSCs. FINANCIAL SUPPORT: Acknowledgements: National Science Centre (Poland) Grant No. 2016/22/M/NZ2/00548 to PL.
Total mercury concentrations were determined in the kidney (K), liver (L), and pectoral muscle (M) of 19 individuals representing wild carnivorous mammals from NW Poland: 10 red foxes Vulpes vulpes (Linnaeus, 1758), 3 raccoon dogs Nyctereutes procyonoides Gray, 1834, 2 badgers Meles meles Linnaeus, 1758, 3 pine martens Martes martes Linnaeus, 1758, and 1 polecat Mustela putorius Linnaeus, 1758. The sample of red fox included 3 immature specimens found on Mielin Island; the island supports a black cormorant colony, and the foxes found there had fed mostly on cormorant nestlings as well as on fish and their remains. In addition to the Mielin Island foxes, the group of foxes included 3 other immature and 4 adult individuals. The highest mean of mercury concentrations were revealed in the Mielin red fox juveniles: 5.11, 4.52, and 1.56 mg/kg d.w. being recorded in K, L, and M. No significant differences in mercury concentrations in the respective tissues were found between the remaining immature and adult red foxes; their mercury concentrations were several times lower than those of the Mielin individuals. In all the animals except the Mielin foxes, mercury concentrations in K, L, and M did not exceed 1.3, 1.0 and 0.5 mg/kg d.w., respectively, the highest values being in badgers (which feed mostly on soil invertebrates), followed by pine martens and then the canids (red fox and raccoon dog). Studies on common and widely distributed terrestrial animals, particularly red fox and badger, may provide numerous valuable comparative data on mercury contamination of different areas of the northern hemisphere.
Transcriptome profiling of chronic social stress (CSS) effects on the brain revealed changes in expression of many genes responsible for alterations of structure and function of the central nervous system. However, there is still little information on dynamics of gene expression in the brain during chronic stress. The aim of the study was to investigate the time course of mouse hippocampal transcriptome response in CSS. Gene expression was assessed using Agilent microarrays. Number of genes showed specific expression patterns between CSS and control animals during subsequent time points, including genes involved in glutamate transport (Slc17a6), amyloid sequestration (Ttr) and neuroprotection (Igf2, Igfbp2). Study revealed dynamics of gene expression patterns and novel molecular effectors of behavioral effects of stress.
The expression profile was evaluated of MYF5 and MYF6 genes in skeletal muscles of young growing Polish Large White (PLW), Polish Landrace (PL), Pietrain (PIE), Duroc (DUR) and Pulawska (PUL) gilts at different ages. Normalization of MYF5 and MYF6 was performed on reliable porcine reference genes (PRGs), where expression stabilities of nine of them (ACTB, B2M, GAPDH, SDHA, HPRTI, RPL13A, YWHAZ, TBP, TOP2B) were evaluated by RT-qPCR method and NormFinder software. Results revealed HPRTI, TBP and TOP2B as highly stable and PRGs. The age-dependent and breed-specific skeletal muscle expression comparisons revealed highly significant (P<0.01) differences in MYF6 expression levels of all skeletal muscles among investigated breeds. MYF6 gene expression in PIE and DUR were higher compared to PLW, PL and PUL gilts. Contrarily, paired-wise comparison of MYF5 gene expression showed only significant difference between DUR and PUL for semimembranosus, and PL and PLW, DUR and PL, PIE and PL, DUR and PUL and PIE and PUL for gluteus medius muscle. There was no significant relationship identified between gilt ages and the level of expression of MYF5 and MYF6 genes. However, their highest expression was identified in longissimus dorsi followed by gluteus medius and semimembranosus muscles. It is concluded that normalization of gene expression has to be done on more than one PRG to reduce the errors in transcription level estimates. Moreover, significantly different breed-specific expression of porcine MYF5 and MYF6 allowed the authors to prioritize these genes as potential candidate genes for trait-associated study.
Alcoholism is a complex disease with hereditary influence. To elucidate genetic contribution, microarrays were used to probe for differences in gene expression in limbic system structures in strains of rats selected for several generations for alcohol preference: Warsaw High Preferring (WHP) strain and Warsaw Low Preferring (WLP) strain. Microarray analyses of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), hippocampus (HP) and nucleus accumbens (NAc) gene expression patterns revealed 237, 416 and 756 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the strains (FC>1.5; adj P<0.05). While the NAc showed a substantially larger number of DEGs, there was a considerable overlap in expression profiles between the studied brain areas: 104 common transcripts changed in the same direction in the mPFC, HP, and NAc. Several functional groups, including genes involved in the action of corticosteroids, prostaglandins, glutamate, or GABA activity were found to be significantly overrepresented and may play an important role in establishing a high level of voluntary alcohol drinking in our model. The results suggest candidate genes for alcohol preference quantitative trait loci (QTL) identification.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of diet supplementation with active yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on the expression of selected immune system genes in goat milk somatic cells (MSC) and on milk production traits. Eighteen dairy goats were divided by breed and parity into two groups: control (n = 9) and supplemented (n = 9). Each group consisted of 5 Polish White Improved (PWI) and 4 Polish Fawn Improved (PFI) goats. Four goats (2 PWI and 2 PFI) were in their second lactation and five (3 WPI and 2 PFI) in more than second lactation. Beginning from a week before expected kidding, supplemented does were fed 10g yeast/day/goat until 100 day post-partum, after which the dose was increased to 20g/day/goat. On day 7, 30, 80, 120 and 240 of lactation milk samples were collected and used to SC isolation, microbiological analysis and to determine the physico-chemical composition of milk. Total RNA was isolated from SC and expressions of β1-defensin, β2-defensin, bactenecin 7.5, bactenecin 5, hepcidin and lyzozyme genes were measured with qRT-PCR using cyclophilin A (PPM) as a reference gene.Supplementation with yeast did not affect milk yield and composition (P>0.05). Genes encoding β2-defensin, bactenecin 7.5 and hepcidin were influenced by yeast diet supplementation resulting in their increased expression in MSC (P<0.05) regardless of the amount of supplement. The environmental bacteria did not affect the level of gene transcripts. However, the presence of β2-defensin, bactenecin 5 and 7.5, hepcidin and lysozyme transcripts in milk cells derived from pathogen-free udders proved their constitutive expression. The expression of β1-defensin gene was not found indicating that it is not constitutively expressed in milk cells and does not participate in the defense of the udder against environmental bacteria. These findings support that β2-defensin, bactenecin 5, bactenecin 7.5 and hepcidin may play a role in maintaining the health of the goat mammary gland.
The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the pro- or anti-inflammatory properties of nanoparticles of Ag, Au, and Ag/Cu alloy by examining the expression of NF-κB mRNA. The experiment was performed in ovo, on the chicken embryos' model. The nanoparticles had no effect on embryos' survival; the embryos from all groups were properly developed, without any abnormalities. Contrary to Ag and Au, nanoparticles of Ag/Cu increased NF-κB mRNA expression in embryo liver, indicating a proinflammatory effect. After treatment with LPS there was a significant decrease in NF-κB mRNA expression in the liver of embryos treated with Ag, compared to the placebo, Au, and Ag/Cu groups, indicating that Ag nanoparticles act as a potential anti-inflammatory factor. The results indicate the lack of influence of Ag and Au nanoparticles on NF-κB mRNA expression in chicken embryo liver. Contrary to Ag and Au, nanoparticles of Ag/Cu alloy may be considered as a pro-inflammatory factor. Nanoparticles of Ag, but not Au and Ag/Cu, can prevent over-expression of NF-κB mRNA after LPS stimulation.
The aim of the study was to investigate dynamics of transcriptomic changes in hippocampus during stress in correlation with behavioral and physiological symptoms of acute and chronic stress response. Male Swiss Webster mice were subjected to repeated social stress and decapitated after 1, 4, 8, and 13 days of repeated encounters with other male mice. There was also a group of mice subjected to 13 days of social stress and then left without stress for 5 days. Acute stress induced decrease in food intake and in body weight. Repeated stress induced thymic involution progressing with increasing duration of stress and significant increase in spleen weight, was observed after 13 days of stress. In mice subjected to stress and then left for 5 days for recovery the spleen weight did not differed from control mice and there was partial recovery of thymic weight. During the recovery period there was also increased food intake compared with control mice. Using microarray and quantitative real-time PCR technologies we found that social stress affected hippocampal transcription of genes involved in pathways of insulin secretion, intracellular signaling and cellular transport. Among them, during subsequent time points of social stress we observed progressive upregulation of Ttr gene coding transthyretin involved in amyloidosis, seizures, or dementia and prolactin receptor – Prlr, involved in anxiolyting effects at brain level. The results show that repeated stress provokes major changes in hippocampal physiological pathways. Effects of stress on expression of genes involved in insulin signalling and cellular transport indicate that stress may affect the CNS structure and produce the long-term and irreversible changes in the CNS functions.
Pierwsza strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wstecz Poprzednia strona wyników Strona / 1 Następna strona wyników Pięć stron wyników wprzód Ostatnia strona wyników
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.