Wyniki wyszukiwania

1

Fractal dimensions of the sagittal [interparietal] sutures in humans

100%

Skrzat J., Walocha J.

Folia Morphologica

|

2003

|

tom 62

|

nr 2

Traditional studies of the cranial suture morphology have focused mostly on visual estimation and linear measurements, and thus on evaluating their complexity. This paper presents a new look on cranial sutures as curves, which can be analysed by fractal dimension. This new measure seems to be a much better method of expressing properties of sutural patterns than traditional methods. Our findings suggest that the fractal dimension of non-complicated interparietal sutures slightly exceeds the topological dimension of the line, that is 1.0, whereas the fractal dimension of complicated sutures may reach a value of 1.4 or even more. The difference between the minimum and maximum decimal fraction of the fractal dimension indicates a three-fold increase in complexity in the investigated sutures.

2

A case of occipitalization in the human skull

81%

Skrzat J., Mroz I., Jaworek J. K., Walocha J.

Folia Morphologica

|

2010

|

tom 69

|

nr 3

Occipitalization of the atlas is an osseous anomaly of the craniovertebral junction. The aim of this paper is to present an anatomical variant of the fused atlas with the occipital bone and discuss similar cases described in literature. The skull of an adult male analysed in this study belonged to the cranial collection of the Department of Anatomy of the Jagiellonian University, Medical Collage. A tight bony fusion between the anterior arch of the atlas, the left portion of the posterior arch, the lateral masses of the atlas, and the occipital bone was observed. Hence, the left and right superior articular facets of the atlas were fused with the corresponding occipital condyles. The anteroposterior dimension of both inferior articular facets was the same (20 mm), while the transverse diameter of the right one was considerably smaller (12 mm). The transverse diameter of the left inferior articular facets was 17 mm. The right and the left transverse process of the atlas were normally developed, each of them contained transverse foramen, and they were not fused with the occipital bone. The circumference of the foramen magnum was minimally diminished by the osseous structures of the atlas fused to the occipital bone. The sagittal and transverse diameters of the foramen magnum (38 mm x 34 mm) were within the normal range of variation. However, the asymmetrical anatomy of the inferior articular facets of the atlas give rise to speculation that movement in the atlantoaxial joint was disturbed by assimilation with the occipital bone. (Folia Morphol 2010; 69, 3: 134–137)

3

An anomalous bilateral muscle in Guyon’s canal found during cadaver study

81%

Depukat P., Mizia E., Walocha J.

Folia Morphologica

|

2010

|

tom 69

|

nr 1

During anatomical dissection, an unusual bilateral muscle in the region of Guyon’s canal was found in a 29-year-old human male cadaver. It originated from the pisiform bone and inserted to the flexor retinaculum. The muscle passed between the superficial and deep branch of the ulnar nerve. The ulnar artery passed anteriorly to the muscle. This work reports this finding and tries to categorise it in one of the groups following the literature. (Folia Morphol 2010; 69, 1: 65–67)

4

Possible compression of the atlantal segment of the vertebral artery in occipitalisation

81%

Skrzat J., Walocha J., Goncerz G.

Folia Morphologica

|

2011

|

tom 70

|

nr 4

The current study evaluates the passage of the atlantal segment of the vertebral artery through the atlas to the cranial cavity in the case of occipitalisation, and searches for potential bony obstacles that constrict the lumen of the vertebral artery. Morphometric analysis was performed of the ossified atlanto-occipital articulation of the dry adult male skull, particularly in the region of the posterior arch of the atlas. The distance between the floor of the right groove for the vertebral artery and the occipital bone was measured using a digital sliding caliper. On the left side, measurements of the diameters of the inlet and outlet of the canal for the vertebral artery were performed using the same technique. Fusion of the left portion of the posterior arch of the atlas with the occipital bone caused significant narrowing of the space around the normally existing groove for the vertebral artery, and converted it into the canal. The size of the intracranial opening of the canal for the vertebral artery was measured as 3.8 mm x 4.7 mm, whereas the inlet to the canal was 5.4 mm x 7.0 mm. The diameter of the canal decreases, particularly at the entrance into the cranial cavity; therefore, compression of the vertebral artery within the canal seems to be possible. (Folia Morphol 2011; 70, 4: 287–290)

5

The scaphocephalic skull of an adult male

81%

Skrzat J., Stepanczak B., Walocha J.

Folia Morphologica

|

2014

|

tom 73

|

nr 1

The paper presents abnormal craniofacial morphology of an adult male afflicted with premature closure of the sagittal suture. The skull is well preserved and there are no visible traits of surgical management which would be aimed to correct cranial deformation. In consequence of the restricted cranial development, some diameters of the skull were significantly altered. Basically, cranial vault morphology fits apparently to the scaphocephaly, whereas the basicranium and viscerocranium are altered only in minor degree. (Folia Morphol 2014; 73, 1: 92–98)

6

An atypical position of the foramen ovale

81%

Skrzat J., Walocha J., Srodek R., Nizankowska A.

Folia Morphologica

|

2006

|

tom 65

|

nr 4

396-399

Visual inspection of a dry adult human skull revealed absence of a typical foramen ovale on the left side of the cranial base. The region of the foramen ovale was covered by an osseous lamina, which was continuous with the lateral pterygoid plate and thus formed a wall of an apparent canal, which opened on the lateral side of the pterygoid process. This canal is referred to as an oval canal (canalis ovalis), instead of the foramen ovale. It runs superiorly, medially from the infratemporal fossa, and opens into the middle cranial fossa. The altered osseous morphology of this basicranial region may affect the course of the neurovascular structures which pass through the foramen ovale. As a consequence, clinical symptoms could occur, including paresthesiae of the inner aspect of the cheek and compression and neuralgia of the mandibular nerve or its branches.

7

The ossified interclinoid ligament

81%

Skrzat J., Szewczyk R., Walocha J.

Folia Morphologica

|

2006

|

tom 65

|

nr 3

242-245

The paper presents an anatomical description of the ossified interclinoid ligament which was found in a male human skull. In the case studied the ossified ligament exists as a bony bridge between the anterior and posterior clinoid processes on the left side of the skull. The length of this connection was measured as 5.0 mm, while its thickness was 3.2 mm. We conjecture that the presence of a considerably thick bony trabecula within the sella region might have had an impact on the course of the internal carotid artery or the oculomotor nerve, causing compression of these structures.

8

Variations in hepatic vascularisation: lack of a proper hepatic artery. Two case reports

81%

Gurgacz A. M., Horbaczewska A., Klimek-Piotrowska W., Walocha J.

Folia Morphologica

|

2011

|

tom 70

|

nr 2

The blood supply of the liver and other abdominal organs plays a significant role during abdominal surgery. Knowledge of the most common patterns of vascularisation should be broadened and new anomalies of the celiac trunk and its branches dutifully reported. This paper presents two case reports which describe the lack of a proper hepatic artery. Case 1 describes the cadaver of a 64-year-old female in whom the right hepatic artery was observed to arise from the common hepatic artery and run behind the portal vein. The common hepatic artery was observed to be divided into three terminal vessels: the left hepatic artery, the gastroduodenal artery, and the right gastric artery. Case 2 describes the cadaver of a 75-year-old male with a liver that was supplied from 3 different sources: the left hepatic artery from the left gastric artery (which arose directly from the aorta), the right hepatic artery from the superior mesenteric artery, and the middle hepatic artery from the common hepatic artery — (branch of the hepato-splenic trunk). Moreover, the left inferior phrenic artery arose from the left hepatic artery. (Folia Morphol 2011; 70, 2: 130–134)

9

Accessory spine of the foramen ovale

81%

Skrzat J., Walocha J., Zawilinski J.

Folia Morphologica

|

2012

|

tom 71

|

nr 4

The objective of this study was to provide morphometric analysis of an accessory spine that was found within the lumen of the foramen ovale, as well as to find out whether this structure could mechanically irritate the mandibular nerve. A bifid spine was perceived in the macerated skull of an adult individual. It was located in the anterior part of the left foramen ovale. The overall length of the spine was found to be 1.8 mm. The spine had a homogenous structure, and showed high levels of mineralisation. We conclude that the accessory spine did not compress the mandibular nerve, and that the foramen ovale provided enough space for passage of the nerve. In all likelihood, these structures remained in anatomical accordance without causing any neurological symptoms. (Folia Morphol 2012; 71, 4: 263–266)

10

The morphological appearance of the palatine torus in the Cracovian skulls [XV-XVIII century]

81%

Skrzat J., Holiat D., Walocha J.

Folia Morphologica

|

2003

|

tom 62

|

nr 3

183-186

The paper presents a morphological analysis of the palatine torus of the Cracovian skull dated from XV–XVIIIth century. The cranial collection analysed comprised 98 skulls with the hard palate preserved but only 27 male and 28 female skulls showed the palatine torus. The length, breadth and height of the palatine torus were measured, and a visual inspection of the position and form of the torus was performed. Our findings suggest that most typical of the skulls analysed is a medium-sized mound-shaped palatine torus in an antero-posterior position, which means that the torus occupies the palatal processes of the maxilla and the horizontal plates of the palatine bones along the mid-palatal suture. Mean parameters of the palatine torus were established as: length — 25.7 mm (male) and 28.3 mm (female), width — 10.8 mm (male) and 10.2 mm (female), height 2.7 (male) and 3.2 mm (female). There are no significant differences between mean values of the parameters of the palatine torus.

11

An anatomical study of the pterygoalar bar and the pterygoalar foramen

81%

Skrzat J., Walocha J., Srodek R.

Folia Morphologica

|

2005

|

tom 64

|

nr 2

92-96

The paper presents anatomical considerations on the pterygoalar bar and the pterygoalar foramen of the human skull. The pterygoalar bar is a bony bridge that stretches between the lateral pterygoid lamina and the greater wing of the sphenoid bone, while the space under this bar is termed the pterygoalar foramen. These structures were noted in 5 out of 70 investigated skulls. The length of the pterygoalar bar ranged from 4 to 8 mm, while the diameter of the pterygoalar foramen ranged from 7 to11 mm. The presence of the pterygoalar bar is clinically important because it may disturb access to the foramen ovale during anaesthesia of the trigeminal nerve.

12

A preliminary study of three - dimensional reconstruction of the human osseous labyrinth from micro - computed tomography scans

81%

Skrzat J., Wrobel A., Walocha J.

Folia Morphologica

|

2013

|

tom 72

|

nr 1

The adult human temporal bone was investigated using micro-computed tomography scans. The effects of the volume rendering used to create three-dimensional reconstructions were presented in images showing components of the osseous labyrinth. The three-dimensional reconstructions were performed to visualise the cochlea and the semicircular canals embedded in the petrous bone. The final product of this study was a digital three-dimensional model of the entire osseous labyrinth, which can be viewed at different angles on the computer screen. (Folia Morphol 2013; 72, 1: 17–21)

13

A preliminary study on the relationship between the complexity of the sagittal suture and cranial dimensions

81%

Skrzat J., Brzozowska I., Walocha J.

Folia Morphologica

|

2004

|

tom 63

|

nr 1

The paper presents the results obtained from analysis of the correlation between cranial dimensions (length, width, and height) and indices against the complexity of the sagittal suture, which was expressed as the ratio between absolute sutural length to the linear length of the suture. The statistical study on 29 skulls shows a significant negative correlation between the height/width index of all skulls and suture complexity (r = –0.78 for male, r = –0.70 for female skulls) and a negative correlation between cranial height and suture complexity in male skulls only (r = –0.49). This implies that lower and broader skulls have a more complicated sagittal suture. Correlations of the height/length and width/ /length ratios were assessed as statistically insignificant in both sexes.

14

The clinical significance of the petroclinoid ligament

81%

Skrzat J., Walocha J., Jaworek J. K., Mroz I.

Folia Morphologica

|

2007

|

tom 66

|

nr 1

This report describes the topography and structure of the petroclinoid ligament with reference to its clinical significance. Observations of this ligament were performed on 24 sections of human heads. Remnants of the ossified form of this ligament were sought in 73 dry human skulls. It was found that the petroclinoid ligament existed as an anterior and posterior fold of the dura mater and stretched from the petrous apex and the anterior and posterior clinoid process respectively. We assessed the close proximity of this ligament to the oculomotor nerve. In one case we found a partially ossified posterior petroclinoid ligament, which appeared as a bony spike that arose posteriorly and inferiorly from the posterior clinoid process.

15

A morphometrical study of the human palatine sutures

81%

Skrzat J., Holiat D., Walocha J.

Folia Morphologica

|

2003

|

tom 62

|

nr 2

The paper presents metrical data on the palatine sutures of a dry skull collection comprising 29 male and 33 female specimens. The length and mutual proportions of the mid-palatal, interpalatine and transverse palatine sutures were considered. These properties led to a conclusion as to the extent to which the palatine process of the maxilla and palatine bones dominate in the formation of the hard palate. We discovered that the palatine process of the maxilla is prevalent and that it constitutes approximately 65% of the hard palate in both sexes. Moreover our findings indicated a significant correlation in the diameters of the palatine sutures that are arranged sagittally.

16

Age dependent changes of the diploe in the human skull

81%

Skrzat J., Brzegowy P., Walocha J., Wojciechowski W.

Folia Morphologica

|

2004

|

tom 63

|

nr 1

This paper presents an approach to the investigation of age-related morphological changes in the diploe of the human skull. Comparative investigations were performed on 10 dried skulls of young and old individuals. Computer tomography was employed followed by filtering of the digital images to visualise more details of the inner structure of the calvarial bones. As a result of our analysis, we concluded that the diploe of the young individuals was homogenous cancellous bone, which tightly fills the space between the outer and inner tables of the calvarial bones. The diploe of the older individual is more porous, showing a trace of sclerosis and with lacunas. Its texture is more scattered in the images and presents a higher level of degradation. The structural differences of the diploe in the skulls of older individuals can be due to a process of involution related to a diminishing of trabecular density in the cancellous bone. These processes are usually accompanied by fluctuations in the mineral components.

17

A note on the morphology of the metopic suture in the human skull

81%

Skrzat J., Walocha J., Zawilinski J.

Folia Morphologica

|

2004

|

tom 63

|

nr 4

The metopic suture of 24 adult skulls investigated showed recognisably varied morphological patterns. The metopic suture resembled wavy lines and was sometimes highly convoluted, especially in the superior part of the frontal bone. The mean suture length was computed as 123.1 mm (SD = 5.307) and the mean fractal dimension was 1.17 (SD = 0.076). Visual inspection of the morphological character of the metopic sutures revealed complex variation in their course between the nasion and the bregma. Comparison of the fractal dimensions indicated a two-fold increase in complexity between the anterior half of the suture terminating in the nasion (FD = 1.10) and the second half of the suture beginning in the bregma (FD = 1.21). The Mann-Whitney test confirmed the statistical significance of the differences in the fractal dimensions calculated. The variety and complexity of the interdigitations in the anterior and posterior part of the suture point to possible alterations to local strains, which occur during the growth of the braincase.

18

Median nerve thenar motor branch anatomical variations

71%

Mizia E., Tomaszewski K. A., Goncerz G., Kurzydlo W., Walocha J.

Folia Morphologica

|

2012

|

tom 71

|

nr 3

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the different types of median nerve thenar motor branch and to compare them with literature data. Material and methods: This study was conducted using median nerves dissected from cadavers stored in a 10% solution of formaldehyde at the Department of Anatomy of Jagiellonian University Medical College (JUMC) and cadavers from the Department of Forensic Medicine JUMC. The research protocol was approved by the Jagiellonian University Ethics Committee (registry KBET/209/B/2002). Results: The studied group comprised 8 (26.7%) women and 22 men (age between 23 and 92 years), yielding a total of 60 thenar motor branches (30 right vs. 30 left). Forty-seven (78.3%) nerves were classified as extraligamentous, 12 (20%) were subligamentous, and 1 (1.7%) was transligamentous. As for the side of origin of the thenar motor branch, in 45 (75%) cases it was the radial side and in 2 (3.33%) cases it was the ulnar side. Conclusions: The obtained results confirm that the extraligamentous type of thenar motor branch is the most common and that the ulnar origin of the thenar motor branch is the rarest. (Folia Morphol 2012; 71, 3: 183–186)

19

Three dimensional visualisation and morphometry of bone samples studied in microcomputed tomography (micro-CT)

71%

Leszczynski B., Skrzat J., Kozerska M., Wrobel A., Walocha J.

Folia Morphologica

|

2014

|

tom 73

|

nr 4

This article highlights the utility of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) for characterising microscale bone morphology. For this purpose we tested selected samples of the human bones (Wormian bone, rib, lumbar vertebra) to reconstruct external and internal morphological features. Selected bony samples were investigated using a micro-CT scanner (Skyscan 1172, N.V., Aartselaar, Belgium). The image resolution of scans varied from 5 to 27 µm/pixel depending on the bone sample. We used CTvox software (by Skyscan) to perform volume rendering of the samples. Further, 3-dimensional geometrical models were reconstructed using the CTvol application. Such models enabled graphical distinction between osseous components of various morphology and were used to visualise the Haversian canal system inside the compact bone of the rib. Applying a modified transfer function for volume rendering we presented the overall morphology of the Wormian bone and small vascular channels penetrating its interior. As an example of quantitative analysis based on micro-CT scans we compared the trabecular structure of the lumbar vertebrae with CTAn software. Significant differences in percent bone volume (BV/TV) were determined. Micro-CT was found to be a very accurate and helpful method to study small anatomical structures of the bones in micro scale. (Folia Morphol 2014; 73, 4: 422–428)

20

The median nerve in the carpal tunnel

71%

Mizia E., Klimek-Piotrowska W., Walocha J., Rutowski R., Wojtala R.

Folia Morphologica

|

2011

|

tom 70

|

nr 1

A study of the variations of the course and branching pattern of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel were carried out on 60 wrists from 30 fresh cadavers autopsied in the Department of Forensic Medicine of Jagiellonian University Medical College. The results were compared with the literature. The study confirmed that the extraligamentous type of motor branch variation is most common. The transligamentous course of the nerve is of special importance: it is usually accompanied by hypertrophic muscle, and the nerve hidden within this muscle can easily be cut during transection of the retinaculum. The results proved the necessity of approaching the median nerve from the ulnar side when opening the carpal tunnel. (Folia Morphol 2011; 70, 1: 41–46)

Ograniczanie wyników

Fractal dimensions of the sagittal [interparietal] sutures in humans

A case of occipitalization in the human skull

An anomalous bilateral muscle in Guyon’s canal found during cadaver study

Possible compression of the atlantal segment of the vertebral artery in occipitalisation

The scaphocephalic skull of an adult male

An atypical position of the foramen ovale

The ossified interclinoid ligament

Variations in hepatic vascularisation: lack of a proper hepatic artery. Two case reports

Accessory spine of the foramen ovale

The morphological appearance of the palatine torus in the Cracovian skulls [XV-XVIII century]

An anatomical study of the pterygoalar bar and the pterygoalar foramen

A preliminary study of three - dimensional reconstruction of the human osseous labyrinth from micro - computed tomography scans

A preliminary study on the relationship between the complexity of the sagittal suture and cranial dimensions

The clinical significance of the petroclinoid ligament

A morphometrical study of the human palatine sutures

Age dependent changes of the diploe in the human skull

A note on the morphology of the metopic suture in the human skull

Median nerve thenar motor branch anatomical variations

Three dimensional visualisation and morphometry of bone samples studied in microcomputed tomography (micro-CT)

The median nerve in the carpal tunnel