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Two different classes of 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations during sexual interactions, correlation with rat behavioral state

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Bialy M., Podobinska M., Barski J. J., Bogacki-Rychlik W., Sulkowska-Sajdel E.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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2017

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tom 77

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nr Suppl.1

INTRODUCTION: Low frequency ultrasonic vocalizations, commonly referred as 22‑kHz, occur in different situations including both aversive as well as positive emotional states in rats. Our previous research suggests that following ejaculation, long, lasting low frequency vocalizations reflect a positive emotional state – relaxation after high arousal state. It has been found that there is another type of 22-kHz vocalizations, which occurs during sexual interactions – at the time of firstseparated‑noncontact test. AIM(S): The aim of our study was to investigate the spectral analysis of low frequency ultrasonic vocalizations when male is prevented from a direct contact with estrous female and compare such calls to postejaculatory vocalizations. METHOD(S): The subjects were Long–Evans males (N=9) and female (N=9) rats 4.5 months old at the start of the experiment. The clear Plexiglas test chamber (50×25×30 cm) was used for copulatory and barrier noncontact (NC) tests. For NC tests, the chamber was bisected. Behaviors were recorded using Noldus Ethovision system simultaneously, on the same computer, with ultrasounds recording using Metris Sonotract system and analyzed manually. RESULTS: We found that about half of males prevented from a direct contact with an estrous female vocalized at frequency below 30-kHz. These vocalizations usually initiated with short signal at higher 45-kHz frequency and then transited to lower, below 30-kHz frequency. Usually these vocalizations coexist with sniffing of a hole or exploration activities – rearing or sniffing cage. The high activity state observed in separated males during low frequency vocalization is in contrast to male immobility observed during postejaculatory period when male emit extremely flat 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations. CONCLUSIONS: A pattern of low frequency vocalizations in rats during frustration differs significantly from that observed during relaxation state after ejaculation and correlates to the different type of behavioral activity. FINANCIAL SUPPORT: This work was supported by the Medical University of Warsaw (grant 1MA/N/170 and mini Grant for Wiktor Bogacki-Rychlik.

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Distinct classes of low frequency ultrasonic vocalizations in rats during sexual interactions relate to different emotional states

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Bialy M., Podobinska M., Barski J., Bogacki-Rychlik W., Sajdel-Sulkowska E. M.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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2019

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tom 79

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nr 1

This study examined low-frequency ultrasonic vocalizations (lUSVs) in rats during two types of sexual interactions: postejaculatory interval (PEI) and barrier – noncontact (NC) test. We report distinct classes of IUSVs that can be assigned to different emotional states; relaxation vs. frustration. Totally flat, 22-kHz calls (Class A), were observed during the relaxation state following ejaculation; characterized by immobilization or grooming during the PEI. On the other hand, twothree component IUSVs (Class B) that start at a higher frequency (45-kHz: flat, upward or short signal) and then shift to 35-23kHz (mostly to 2823-kHz), correspond as we assume, to arousal and frustration – active states associated with sniffing a hole or exploration during the NC test. We suggest that momentary, abrupt decreases of arousal during the frustration state correspond to Class B IUSVs. The detailed spectral analysis of the high-frequency component of twocomponent IUSVs is crucial for establishing the relationship between such IUSVs and the corresponding behavior and emotional states. Our studies indicate that while the twocomponent Class B 22-kHz IUSVs may relate to the frustration state, a single component, flat, Class A IUSV relates to the relaxation state. The results of these studies support a notion that rats emit distinct vocalization patterns, reflecting their emotional states.

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Ketogenic diet and sexual motivation in male rats

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Bogacki-Rychlik W., Bialy M., Grajoszek A., Przybyla M., Slugocka A., Barski J. J.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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2019

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tom 79

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nr Suppl.1

INTRODUCTION: The ketogenic diet (KD) is a very‑low‑carbohydrate, high‑fat and adequate protein nutritional approach that induces metabolic shift to the use of ketone bodies instead of glucose as a main energy source. For decades, the KD has been employed to manage drug-resistant epilepsy, but recently it is increasingly considered as an alternative or add-on therapy in many other disorders. The positive effect of the KD on social behavior has been recently reported in rodent models of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and wild type early adult male rats. AIM(S): Given, however, the influence of ketone bodies on many humoral parameters including testosterone, we decided to look closer at the sexual interactions of male rats subjected to the KD. METHOD(S): In our study, we examined behavior of males in response to female presence with concomitant analysis of ultrasonic vocalizations (USV) during sexual interactions. RESULTS: Percent of males starting to copulation significantly decreased during the second sexual session, which suggests lower sexual motivation in male rats on the KD. FINANCIAL SUPPORT: Funding: Ministry of Science and Higher Education, grant number KNW‑1‑053/N/8/I.

Ograniczanie wyników

3 Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

3 Bialy M.

3 Bogacki-Rychlik W.

2 Barski J. J.

2 Podobinska M.

1 Barski J.

1 Grajoszek A.

1 Przybyla M.

1 Sajdel-Sulkowska E. M.

1 Slugocka A.

1 Sulkowska-Sajdel E.

2 2019

1 2017

Two different classes of 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations during sexual interactions, correlation with rat behavioral state

Distinct classes of low frequency ultrasonic vocalizations in rats during sexual interactions relate to different emotional states

Ketogenic diet and sexual motivation in male rats