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1

Bilateral alar thoracic artery

100%

Rusu M. C.

Folia Morphologica

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2005

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tom 64

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nr 1

59-64

During a routine dissection a superficial artery was observed coursing subcutaneously at the anterior border of the axillary base towards the thoracic wall and bilaterally at the lower border of the pectoralis major muscle. On the right side it originated from the 3rd part of the axillary artery but on the opposite side the origin was from the first centimetre of a left radial artery originating directly from the axillary artery together with the left brachial artery. Apart from the bilateral absence of the deep brachial artery, no other anomalies were identified at this level. This variant corresponds to the alar thoracic artery, an unusual and rarely reported artery. The literature on the subject contains no reference either to the bilateral evidence for the alar thoracic artery or to the possibility of an origin from a high radial artery. The presence of such an alar thoracic artery may interfere with surgical access within the axillary fossa and should be taken into consideration.

2

Microanatomy of the neural scaffold of the pterygopalatine fossa in humans: trigeminovascular projections and trigeminal-autonomic plexuses

100%

Rusu M. C.

Folia Morphologica

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2010

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tom 69

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nr 2

The pterygopalatine fossa (PPF) is an anatomically-hidden deep extracranial space. The neural scaffold of the PPF remains anatomically understudied in humans. Moreover, there are no anatomical data in humans pointing out the extracranial trigeminovascular distributions, in contrast to the trigeminal supratentorial ones. By anatomical microdissections, the neural scaffold of the PPF and the presence of trigeminovascular projections were evaluated. The anterior and superior approaches of the pterygopalatine fossae in nine dissected blocks of human middle skull base and the frontal cuts of two different specimens, led to several results: (1) the neurovascular contents of the PPF, embedded in the pterygopalatine adipose body, have a layered disposition; (2) the posterior neural layer is represented by a pterygopalatine cross, centred by the pterygopalatine ganglion (PPG) that sends off ascending, descending, and medial branches and has a lateral connection with the maxillary nerve — 4 quadrants could have been defined as referring to this cross; (3) at the level of the upper lateral quadrant there are two superposed layers (i) a superficial plexus contributed by the maxillary nerve, the maxillary artery plexus and the PPG and its orbital branches (OBs) and (ii) a deep layer, consisting of the OBs proper of the PPG; (4) within the PPF and on the posterior wall of the maxillary sinus distinctive trigeminovascular projections were evidenced. The anastomoses involving autonomic and trigeminal fibres, located in the PPF passage to the orbital apex, support the complicate and polymorphous neural input to the orbit, while the evidence of a pterygopalatine trigeminovascular scaffold offers a substrate for a better understanding of various facial algias. (Folia Morphol 2010; 69, 2: 84–91)

3

The spinal trigeminal nucleus - considerations on the structure of the nucleus caudalis

100%

Rusu M. C.

Folia Morphologica

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2004

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tom 63

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nr 3

The caudal part (nucleus caudalis) of the spinal trigeminal nucleus is considered to be the site of the second order neurons of the nociceptive pathways of the face. Recent studies have supported the co-participation in these circuits of the oral part of the same nucleus (nucleus oralis). The aims of the present study are: 1) to determine the morphology of the nucleus caudalis in human preparates; 2) to consider whether there is any structural basis for the pathways of signal transmission observed in animal experiments; 3) to provide evidence-based support for further consideration on the orofacial pathways. The studies were made using the Bielschowsky silver staining technique (on blocks) applied to drawn pieces of brainstems from human cadavers. On the sections the outer laminae of the nucleus are distinguishable, while the inner part hardly exposes any laminar configuration on transverse cuts. A marginal plexus with small polygonal or rounded small cells appears configured in 3 parts, namely dorsal, intermediate and ventral. Outer to the marginal plexus a clear band marks it off from the interstitial plexus, which appears more delicate. Within the marginal plexus is substantia gelatinosa with rare randomly distributed small or medium-sized cells. The inner magnocellular layers consist of clusters of small cells specifically allocated to fibre bundles, isolated small cells and large cells, pear-shaped or fusiform, appearing either bipolar or multipolar. The marginal and interstitial plexuses can represent the framework for modulation and vertical signal transmission within the spinal trigeminal nucleus, while the magnocellular layers seem to be mainly responsible for contralateral projection. It seems that the outer laminae of the spinal trigeminal nucleus may represent the receiver and the inner laminae the transmitter of the signal on the trigeminal pathway at brainstem level.

4

Transverse subisthmic course of the innominate artery in an adult: detailed anatomy and additional variation

63%

Rusu M. C., Boscu A. L.

Folia Morphologica

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2010

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tom 69

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nr 4

A rare morphology of an aberrant innominate artery (IA) is reported here, together with additional arterial variation encountered in the respective specimen. The IA originated in the aortic arch on the left side of the trachea, coursed on that side of the trachea to reach the left thyroid lobe, turned in at a right angle to pass anterior to the trachea and immediately inferior and parallel to the thyroid isthmus, and finally it divided inferior to the right thyroid lobe into the right subclavian and common carotid arteries. The right common carotid artery immediately turned at a right angle to ascend in the neck. Thus the terminal branches of the IA had origins in a higher position than is usually expected. This aberrant course of the IA determined a step-like morphology in the sagittal plane of the left common carotid artery. Additional variations were also encountered: (a) a lateralised right external carotid artery with the superior thyroid artery initially coursing over the internal carotid artery; (b) the right vertebral artery coursing over the inferior thyroid artery and entering the transverse process of the fifth cervical vertebra; (c) the left subclavian and vertebral arteries were tortuous. Knowledge of the presence of this IA variant, with a transverse subisthmic segment, appears to be important in various surgical approaches, such as tracheostomies, thyroidectomies, and mediastinoscopies; in addition, the variations of the IA and the vertebral arteries are relevant for lower cervical spine approaches. Nevertheless, the lateralised external carotid artery may lead, if unidentified, to hemorrhagic complications during carotid space approaches. It is important for surgeons to be aware that if an aberrant IA is identified it may not be the only variation in that patient. (Folia Morphol 2010; 69, 4: 261–266)

5

Endothelial expression of c-kit and CD68 in dental follicles of human impacted third molars

51%

Rusu M. C., Rascu A., Stoenescu M. D.

Folia Morphologica

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2018

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tom 77

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nr 3

Background: Periodontal tissue remnants of odontogenesis constitute the dental follicle (DF) which is actually considered a stem niche in adults. However, potentialities of local endothelia within this niche seem overlooked. We thus aimed at testing the endothelial cells expression of c-kit, the progenitor cells marker, and CD68, commonly regarded as a monocyte/macrophage marker, in human DFs. Materials and methods: We performed an immunohistochemical study using these two markers which were applied on samples collected from ten adult patients. Results: The markers were positively expressed in endothelial cells, as well as in spindle-shaped stromal cells of the DF. Conclusions: The origin of DF stem or progenitor cells needs reviewing in the light of these findings, as endothelium could be a donor site for niche inhabitants. (Folia Morphol 2018; 77, 3: 485–488)

6

Endothelial progenitor cells populate the stromal stem niche of tympanum

51%

Rusu M. C., Manoiu V. S., Popescu V. M., Ciuluvica R. C.

Folia Morphologica

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2017

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tom 76

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nr 4

The tympanic membrane (TM) integrity is of utmost importance for the sense of hearing. Therefore, the intrinsic potential of the TM to regenerate and repair deserves complete characterisation. Existing studies brought evidence on the epithelial stem niche of the TM. However, the stromal compartment was not evaluated for harbouring a distinctive stem, or progenitor, niche. We aimed doing this in transmission electron microscopy. We used TMs dissected out from 3 male Oryctolagus cuniculus rabbits. Evidence of stromal quiescent stem cells was gathered. Moreover, endothelial progenitor cells were found in the TM, being accurately identified by two specific ultrastructural markers of the endothelial lineage: the Weibel-Palade bodies and the stomatal diaphragms of the subplasmalemmal caveolae. The stromal stem niche of the TM appears to be a distinctive contributor during physiological and pathological processes of the TM, such as cholesteatoma formation, at least as a biological support for processes of vasculogenesis. However, further characterisation of the molecular pattern of the stromal stem niche of the TM is mandatory. (Folia Morphol 2017; 76, 4: 630–634)

7

The temporomandibular joint: pneumatic temporal cells open into the articular and extradural spaces

51%

Bichir C., Rusu M. C., Vrapciu A. D., Maru N.

Folia Morphologica

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2019

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tom 78

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nr 3

The pneumatisation of the articular tubercle (PAT) of the temporal squama is a rare condition that modifies the barrier between the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) space and the middle cranial fossa. During a routine examination of the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) files of patients who were scanned for dental medical purposes, we identified a case with multiple rare anatomic variations. First, the petrous apex was bilaterally pneumatised. Moreover, bilateral and multilocular PAT were observed, while on one side it was further found that the pneumatic cells were equally dehiscent towards the extradural space and the superior joint space. To the best of our knowledge, such dehiscence has not previously been reported. The two temporomastoid pneumatisations were extended with occipital pneumatisations of the lateral masses and occipital condyles, the latter being an extremely rare evidence. The internal dehiscence of the mandibular canal in the right ramus of the mandible was also noted. Additionally, double mental foramen and impacted third molars were found on the left side. Such multilocular PAT represents a low-resistance pathway for the bidirectional spread of fluids through the roof of the TMJ. Further, it could add to a morphological picture of hyperpneumatisation of the posterior cranial fossa floor, which could signify the involvement of the last four cranial nerves in the clinical picture of TMJ pain. (Folia Morphol 2019; 78, 3: 630–636)

8

Telocytes of the mammary gland stroma

51%

Petre N., Rusu M. C., Pop F., Jianu A. M.

Folia Morphologica

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2016

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tom 75

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nr 2

Although confusions persist in what concerns the terminologies used for describing the fibroblastoid cells of the stromal compartments, the expression of antigens in such cells gradually directs their diagnosis towards a stem/progenitor phenotype. The stromal cells with long, slender and moniliform prolongations were named “telocytes” (TCs), their cell processes being termed “telopodes”. However, the mammary gland TCs were not evaluated for the CD34 expression. Thus an in vivo immunohistochemical study was designed; antibodies against CD10, CD34, CD117/c-kit and vimentin were applied on human mammary gland samples of 8 donor patients. Resident CD34-positive stromal cells positive for the TCs morphology were found building consistent stromal networks and ensheathing microvessels and excretory units. Such cells were CD10±/c-kit-/vimentin+. According to the current concepts regarding the in vivo stem/progenitor cells the CD34+ TCs of the mammary stroma could be actors in the mammary stem niche and their antigens expression could relate to different stages of differentiation. (Folia Morphol 2016; 75, 2: 224–231)

9

A 3D cone beam computed tomography study of the styloid process of the temporal bone

51%

Andrei F., Motoc A. G. M., Didilescu A. C., Rusu M. C.

Folia Morphologica

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2013

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tom 72

|

nr 1

Background: To investigate the length and three-dimensional orientation and to detail the morphological variations of the styloid process. Materials and methods: Forty-four patients undergoing temporal bone evaluation for different reasons were randomly selected and included in the present study. The length, angulation in the coronal and sagittal planes, as well as morphological variations of the styloid processes were assessed using conebeam computer tomography. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to test possible associations between the length of styloid process and angulations, as well as between angulations. Student’s t-test was used to compare the differences between the sample mean length and angulations in normal and elongated styloid process groups. Results: The sagittal angle showed weak positive correlations with the styloid process length and the transverse angle (r = 0.24, p = 0.02, n = 88). A medium positive correlation was found between the sagittal and transverse angulations in the elongated styloid process group (r = 0.49, p = 0.0015, n = 38). There was a statistical significant difference between the mean sagittal angulation in elongated styloid and normal styloid process groups (p = 0.015). The styloid process morphology also varied in terms of shape, number, and degree of ossification. Conclusions: The morphometric and morphologic variations of the styloid process may be important factors to be taken into account not only from the viewpoint of styloid syndromes, but also in preoperatory planning and during surgery. (Folia Morphol 2013; 72, 1: 29–35)

10

Three-dimensional anatomy of the transantral intraseptal infraorbital canal with the use of cone-beam computed tomography

51%

Carstocea L., Rusu M. C., Pascale C., Sandulescu M.

Folia Morphologica

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2020

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tom 79

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nr 1

11

Anatomic variation of alveolar antral artery

51%

Ilie O. C., Ciuluvica R. C., Rusu M. C.

Folia Morphologica

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2015

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tom 74

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nr 2

The alveolar antral artery (AAA) was unanimously encountered in a few available studies with an intraosseous course to anastomose with the infraorbital artery. We report here two cases in which dissection revealed an extraosseous placement of this artery, between the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus and the Schneiderian membrane. The frequency of occurrence of the intraosseous anastomosis should be so modified from 100% to < 100%. This arterial course over the Schneiderian membrane is important during surgical procedures: if it is identified preoperatively it can be avoided, or ligaturated, if not, it may be accidentally severed and uncomfortable haemorrhage may disturb the surgical procedure. In the first case reported here hybrid morphology of the AAA was also found, demonstrating that arterial anatomy should be considered with caution, on a case-by-case basis. (Folia Morphol 2015; 74, 2: 192–194)

12

Bifid and secondary superior nasal turbinates

51%

Rusu M. C., Sandulescu M., Sava C. J., Dinca D.

Folia Morphologica

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2019

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tom 78

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nr 1

The lateral nasal wall contains the nasal turbinates (conchae) which are used as landmarks during functional endoscopic surgery. Various morphological possibilities of turbinates were reported, such as bifidity of the inferior turbinate and extra middle turbinates, such as the secondary middle turbinate. During a retrospective cone beam computed tomography study of nasal turbinates in a patient we found previously unreported variants of the superior nasal turbinates. These had, bilaterally, ethmoidal and sphenoidal insertions. On the right side we found a bifid superior turbinate and on the left side we found a secondary superior turbinate located beneath the normal/principal one, in the superior nasal meatus. These demonstrate that if a variant morphology is possible for a certain turbinate, it could occur in any nasal turbinate but it has not been yet observed or reported. (Folia Morphol 2019; 78, 1: 199–203)

13

Human adult dental pulp CD117/c-kit-positive networks of stromal cells

45%

Rusu M. C., Loreto C., Sava A., Manoiu V. M., Didilescu A. C.

Folia Morphologica

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2014

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tom 73

|

nr 1

Dental pulp tissue was collected from 6 healthy adult patients, prior to prosthetic treatments, in order to evaluate the in situ phenotype of dental pulp stromal cells and compare with that of dental pulp stem cells. A CD34–/CD44+/CD105–/ CD117+/CD146–/nestin– phenotype of stromal cells in the dental pulp core was found. Cells with a similar phenotype, but CD44–, were found in the cell rich zone. Dental pulp stromal networks (DPSNs) were found CD117+/CD44+ in the pulp core, but CD117+/CD44– in the cell rich zone. The c-kit-positive DPSNs were contacting pulp nerves and were, in this regard only, comparable to interstitial Cajal cells. Stromal signalling in dental pulp needs further evaluation, in normal tissue as well as a possible cause of persisting pain after endodontic treatments (Folia Morphol 2014; 73, 1: 68–72)

14

Bilateral giant and unilateral duplicated sphenoidal tubercle

39%

Rusu M. C., Ciuluvica R. C., Vrapciu A. D., Chirita A. L., Predoiu M., Maru N.

Folia Morphologica

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2019

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tom 78

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nr 4

The sphenoidal tubercle (SphT), also known as pyramidal tubercle or infratemporal spine projects from the anterior end of the infratemporal crest of the greater sphenoidal wing. As it masquerades the lateral entrance in the pterygopalatine fossa it could obstruct surgical corridors or the access for anaesthetic punctures. The SphT is, however, an overlooked structure in the anatomical literature. During a routine cone beam computed tomography study in an adult male patient we found bilateral giant SphTs transforming the infratemporal surfaces of the greater wing into veritable pterygoid foveae. Moreover, on one side the SphT appeared bifid, with a main giant partition, of 9.17 mm vertical length, and a secondary laminar one. The opposite SphT had 14.80 mm. In our knowledge, such giant and bifid SphTs were not reported previously and are major obstacles if surgical access towards the pterygopalatine fossa and the skull base is intended. (Folia Morphol 2019; 78, 4: 893–897)

Ograniczanie wyników

Bilateral alar thoracic artery

Microanatomy of the neural scaffold of the pterygopalatine fossa in humans: trigeminovascular projections and trigeminal-autonomic plexuses

The spinal trigeminal nucleus - considerations on the structure of the nucleus caudalis

Transverse subisthmic course of the innominate artery in an adult: detailed anatomy and additional variation

Endothelial expression of c-kit and CD68 in dental follicles of human impacted third molars

Endothelial progenitor cells populate the stromal stem niche of tympanum

The temporomandibular joint: pneumatic temporal cells open into the articular and extradural spaces

Telocytes of the mammary gland stroma

A 3D cone beam computed tomography study of the styloid process of the temporal bone

Three-dimensional anatomy of the transantral intraseptal infraorbital canal with the use of cone-beam computed tomography

Anatomic variation of alveolar antral artery

Bifid and secondary superior nasal turbinates

Human adult dental pulp CD117/c-kit-positive networks of stromal cells

Bilateral giant and unilateral duplicated sphenoidal tubercle