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We assessed the rate of release of a model nucleoside (adenosine, 5%, w/w) from nine different lactide-glycolide or lactide-caprolactone polymers. The polymer discs were eluted every second day with an artificial cerebrospinal fluid at the elution rate roughly approximating the brain extracellular fluid formation rate. Adenosine in eluate samples was assayed by HPLC. Three polymers exhibited a relatively constant release of adenosine for over four weeks, resulting in micromolar concentrations of nucleoside in the eluate. This points to the neccessity of further development of polymers of this types as intracerebral nucleoside delivery systems for local treatment of brain tumors.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are DNA adducts forming carcinogens. The DNA adducts, especially 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG), are the established biomarker of environmental genotoxic compounds exposure. The aim of this study was to determine the 8-oxoG presence in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 27 coke oven workers and 21 rural area inhabitants comparison. The study and control groups were not significantly different according to %8-oxoG-positive lymphocytes. In the control group the difference between smokers and non-smokers was significant (p<0,01). %8-oxoG in non-smokers from the study and control groups were significantly different (p<0,009). The occupational exposure and smoking cigarettes are important oxidative DNA damage causing factors.
The aim of the study was to evaluate prevalence and risk factors of sight defects in students of dentistry using a questionnaire and base-line eye examination. Myopia was observed in 44 (50,00 %) students, hypermetropia in 3 (3,41%) students. None of spherical refraction defects was observed in 41 (46,59%) examined. There were 34 (77,27%) women and 10 (22,73%) men in the group with the diagnosed myopia. Observed myopia was qualified as low or medium grade. The low grade myopia was diagnosed in 38 students (86,36%) and the medium grade in 6 cases (13,64%). In 11 (25,00%) cases it was noticed for the first time. The statistical analysis indicated familial occurance of refraction defect in subjects.
The aims of our study were to assess the release of cytotoxic nucleoside analogs 5-fluorouracil and 2-chloro-2-deoxyadenosine from different lactide-glycolide or lactide-caprolactone biodegradable copolymers and the effects of sterilization on this release. The polymers were sterilized either with ethylene oxide at 37°C, or with gamma radiation (15 kGy, 20 kGy, or 25 kGy). The kinetics of nucleoside release from the copolymers were measured over 50 days. Four copolymers exhibited relatively constant release of nucleosides in micromolar concentrations during the entire obser­vation period. Sterilization with either ethylene oxide or gamma radiation only slightly influenced nucleoside release. Further development of these copolymers as an intracerebral nucleoside delivery system for local treatment of brain tumors is indi­cated.
Oxidative stress is one of several factors which contribute to the development of colorectal carcinogenesis. The aim of the study was an assessment of the activity of antioxidant enzymes in tumour and corresponding normal distal mucosa in a group of patients with colorectal adenocarcinoma. Samples of tumour and corresponding normal mucosa were obtained during a resection of colorectal cancer from 47 patients aged between 26 and 82 years. The average distance of corresponding normal distal mucosa from the tumour was 4.49 cm. Activities of antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and catalase (CAT) were measured in tissue homogenates. The patients were grouped according to the tumour stage (Duke's staging), grading, localization, and size of tumour, as well as age and sex. Statistical analysis was performed. The activity of SOD and GPx was considerably increased, while the activity of GST decreased significantly in tumour as compared with normal mucosa. GR activity in colorectal cancer was evidently higher in tumours of proximal location compared with the distal ones. The distance of corresponding normal distal mucosa from the tumour was analyzed and related to all assayed parameters. A decreased GST activity was observed in corresponding normal mucosa more than 5 cm distant from the tumour in patients with CD Duke's stage. The higher activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in tumour compared to corresponding normal mucosa could indicate higher oxidative stress in colorectal adenocarcinoma cells.
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