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Serological and histopathological studies and virus isolation from sows and/or fetuses are used to diagnose PRRS. In order to explain changes in the infected animal, biochemical examinations of blood serum should be done. The aim of the studies was explain if piglets coming from sows seropositive to Lelystad virus after the end of colostral immunity, develop significant changes in blood serum biochemical parameters during the next 4 weeks. Blood samples for biochemical studies were collected from 4-week-old piglets. Next, samples were collected twice at 2 week intervals from 20 randomly selected piglets from the same litters. An increase above the standards of inorganic phosphorus, potassium, bilirubin, and activity of AST, ALT and ALP was discovered. Below accepted standard were natrium, glucose and total protein. Clinical symptoms like apathy, anorexia, internal body temperature up to 40.2°C, hair bristling and emaciation, were observed in piglets older than 4 weeks. The level of the blood serum biochemical parameters, clinical symptoms and gross lesions indicate that in piglets from sows infected with Lelystad virus a malignant malnutrition-like syndrome occurs.
An attempt to repair articular cartilage defects by costal chondrocytes transplantation was made. A full-thickness defect in the rabbit’s femoral patellar groove was artificially made. Cultured costal cartilage chondrocytes were then transplanted into the defects and covered with periosteal flaps. Empty defects were used as the control group. Animals were divided into two groups (five rabbits each). They were examined after four and twelve weeks from the day of transplantation, respectively. The reparative tissue was evaluated by macroscopic and histological examinations. The reparative tissues in defects with transplanted chondrocytes had an hyaline-like cartilage appearance and were firmly attached to the surrounding normal cartilage. No trace of newly formed bone was detected. The reparative tissues found in defects that were left empty had a fibrous character. They were loosely connected to the surrounding cartilage and were more compliant than tissues from transplanted defects. Considering these initial findings, the ease of surgical procedures during the harvesting of the costal cartilage and few interventions into the joint make the costal cartilage a promising source of chondrocytes for transplantation. However, this needs to be confirmed on a larger scale over a longer period of time.
 The mechanisms underlying cartilage matrix degradation in joint diseases is not fully understood but reactive oxygen species are implicated as main causative factors. Comparative studies of glutathione reductase (GR) activity in synovial fluid from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), reactive arthritis (ReA) and osteoarthritis (OA) as well as correlations between GR activity and concentration of the major cartilage components in synovial fluid are presented in this study. We found significantly higher activity of GR in RA (about three-fold) and ReA (about two-fold) than in OA. In RA and ReA patients, GR activity in synovial fluid correlates negatively with the concentrations of collagen and degradation products of sulfated glycosaminoglycans. In OA patients the activity of GR was significantly lower than in RA and ReA, which positively correlated with the concentration of collagen and showed a tendency for positive correlation with the degradation products of sulfated glycosaminoglycans. Our results suggest that in RA and ReA patients increased activity of GR does not prevent the increased degradation of collagen and proteoglycans by ROS.
Cadmium, copper and zinc concentrations in the blood and hair of 51 women after delivery of children with locomotor system malformations (Group I) and, as a control, 46 women who gave birth to healthy children (Group II) were different but none of the values were statistically significant. However, lead concentrations in the blood and the hair of women from the Group I (median: 109.63 μg/L and 1.31 μg/g) were notably higher than in Group II (median: 66.45 μg/L and 0.58 μg/g, respectively). Maternal lead concentrations in the blood of 17 women from Group I decreased to 60.73 μg/L, and in their hair to 1.20 μg/g after 12 months. We observed a significant correlation between lead concentrations and copper levels in the hair of the mothers.
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