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Microbial contamination of dental unit waterlines

100%

Szymanska J., Sitkowska J., Dutkiewicz J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2008

|

tom 15

|

nr 2

2

Microflora of allergenic pollens - a preliminary study

100%

Spiewak R., Krysinska-Traczyk E., Sitkowska J., Dutkiewicz J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

1996

|

tom 03

|

nr 2

3

Exposure to airborne microorganisms, dust and endotoxin during processing of peppermint and chamomile herbs on farms

88%

Skorska C., Sitkowska J., Krysinska-Traczyk E., Cholewa G., Dutkiewicz J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2005

|

tom 12

|

nr 2

281-288

The aim of this study was to determine the levels of microorganisms, dust and endotoxin in the air during processing of peppermint (Mentha piperita) and chamomile (Matricaria recutita) by herb farmers, and to examine the species composition of airborne microflora. Air samples were collected on glass fibre filters by use of personal samplers on 13 farms owned by herb cultivating farmers, located in Lublin province (eastern Poland). The concentrations of total viable microorganisms (bacteria + fungi) in the farm air during processing of peppermint herb were large, within a range from 895.1-6,015.8 x 103 cfu/m3 (median 1,055.3 x 103 cfu/m3). During processing of chamomile herb they were much lower and varied within a range from 0.88-295.6 x 103 cfu/m3 (median 27.3 x 103 cfu/m3). Gram-negative bacteria distinctly prevailed during processing of peppermint leaves, forming 46.4-88.5% of the total airborne microflora. During processing of chamomile herb, Gram-negative bacteria were dominant at 3 out of 6 sampling sites forming 54.7-75.3% of total microflora, whereas at the remaining 3 sites the most common were fungi forming 46.2-99.9% of the total count. The species Pantoea agglomerans (synonyms: Erwinia herbicola, Enterobacter agglomerans), having strong allergenic and endotoxic properties, distinctly prevailed among Gram-negative isolates. Among fungi, the most common species was Alternaria alternata. The concentrations of airborne dust and endotoxin determined on the examined herb farms were large. The concentrations of airborne dust during peppermint and chamomile processing ranged from 86.7-958.9 mg/m3, and from 1.1-499.2 mg/m3, respectively (medians 552.3 mg/m3 and 12.3 mg/m3). The concentrations of airborne endotoxin determined during peppermint and chamomile processing were within a wide range 1.53-208.33 µg/m3 and 0.005-2604.19 µg/m3 respectively (medians 57.3 µg/m3 and 0.96 µg/m3). In conclusion, farmers cultivating peppermint are exposed during processing of this herb to large concentrations of airborne microorganisms, dust and endotoxin posing a risk of work-related respiratory disease. The exposure to bioaerosols during processing of chamomile is lower; nevertheless, peak values create a respiratory risk for exposed farmers.

4

Immunostimulative effects of repeated inhalation exposure to microvesicle-bound endotoxin of Pantoea agglomerans

88%

Dutkiewicz J., Skorska C., Burrell R., Szuster-Ciesielska A., Sitkowska J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2005

|

tom 12

|

nr 2

289-294

Rabbits exposed repeatedly to aerosols of endotoxin-containing microvesicles (ECMV) of the outer membrane of the Pantoea agglomerans strain isolated from airborne grain dust showed a large increase in the concentration of circulating cytokines: total interferon (IFN), interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha). The increase was significantly higher compared to animals exposed to control saline (p<0.001). Aerosol exposure to ECMV also induced the formation of specific precipitin antibodies and lymphocyte activation. The results indicate strong immunomodulative properties of ECMVs produced in nature by Pantoea agglomerans bacteria, and heavily contaminating organic dusts.

5

Levels of bacterial endotoxin in the samples of settled dust collected in animal houses

88%

Pomorska D., Larsson L., Skorska C., Sitkowska J., Dutkiewicz J.

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy

|

2009

|

tom 53

|

nr 1

37-41

Samples of settled dust were collected in 14 animal houses and examined for the presence of bacterial endotoxin with the Limulus (LAL) test and the gas chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MSMS) technique, based on the detection of 3- hydroxy fatty acids (3-OH-FAs) as chemical markers of the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide. The median concentrations of the endotoxin in dust determined with LAL test in sheep sheds, poultry houses, and horse stables were 15,687.5 µg/g, 8,081.8 µg/g, and 79.3 µg/g, respectively, while those determined with the GC-MSMS technique were 868.0 µg/g, 580.0 µg/g, and 496.0 µg/g, respectively. Statistical comparison of the results yielded with LAL test and GC-MSMS technique revealed a weak correlation between both methods. Fatty acids with 14-16 carbon chains (3-OH-C₁₄ and 3-OH-C₁₆) were predominant in the settled dust of the facilities under study. In conclusion, endotoxin in the concentrations detected in this study may present a respiratory hazard to both livestock animals and farm workers. Thus, the prevention measures aiming to lower the exposure to endotoxin in livestock facilities are highly desirable.

6

Levels of bacterial endotoxin in air of animal houses determined with the use of gas chromatography - mass spectrometry and Limulus test

88%

Pomorska D., Larsson L., Skorska C., Sitkowska J., Dutkiewicz J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2007

|

tom 14

|

nr 2

Air samples were collected on glass fi bre fi lters in 22 animal houses and 3 hay storage barns and examined for the presence of bacterial endotoxin with the Limulus (LAL) test and the gas chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MSMS) technique, based on detection of 3-hydroxy fatty acids (3-OH-FAs) as chemical markers of the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide. The median concentrations of airborne endotoxin determined with LAL test in poultry houses, sheep sheds, piggeries, cow barns, and horse stables were respectively 62.49 μg/m3, 26.2 μg/m3, 3.8 μg/m3, 1.65 μg/m3, and 1.14 μg/m3, while those determined with the GC-MSMS technique were respectively 1.06 μg/m3, 7.91 μg/m3, 0.2 μg/m3, 0.31 μg/m3, and 1.42 μg/m3. The median concentrations of airborne endotoxin determined with LAL test and GC-MSMS technique in hay storage barns were much smaller, 0.09 μg/m3 and 0.03 μg/m3, respectively. The concentrations of airborne endotoxin (LPS) detected with GC-MSMS method in the air of sheep sheds were signifi cantly greater than in all other examined facilities, while those detected in hay storage barns were signifi cantly smaller than in all other examined facilities (p<0.05). The concentrations of airborne endotoxin determined with LAL test and GC-MSMS analysis exceeded in most of animal houses examined (91% by each method) the threshold limit value for airborne endotoxin of 0.1 μg/m3 proposed by various authors. A signifi cant correlation (p<0.05) between the concentrations of endotoxin determined with the LAL and GC-MSMS techniques was found in the air samples collected in poultry houses and sheep sheds, but not in other examined facilities. 3-OH FAs with C14-C18 chains were predominant in the air of the facilities under study. A signifi cant correlation (p<0.05) was found between the concentrations of endotoxin determined with LAL test and the amounts of 3-OH FAs with C14-C16 chains. In conclusion, endotoxin in the concentrations detected in this study may present a respiratory hazard to both humans and livestock animals.

7

Effects of repeated inhalation exposure to microvesicle-bound endotoxin

88%

Skorska C., Sitkowska J., Burrell R., Szuster-Ciesielska A., Dutkiewicz J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

1996

|

tom 03

|

nr 1

8

Exposure to airborne microorganisms, dust and endotoxin during processing of valerian roots on farms

88%

Skorska C., Sitkowska J., Krysinska-Traczyk E., Cholewa G., Dutkiewicz J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2005

|

tom 12

|

nr 1

The aim of this study was to determine the levels of microorganisms, dust and endotoxin in the air during various stages of valerian (Valeriana officinalis) roots processing by herb farmers and to examine the species composition of airborne microflora. Air samples were collected on glass fibre filters by use of personal samplers on 15 farms owned by valerian cultivating farmers, located in Lublin province (eastern Poland). The concentrations of total viable microorganisms (bacteria + fungi) in the air showed a marked variability and were within a range of 0.95-7,966.6 × 103 cfu/m3. Though median was relatively low (10.75 × 103 cfu/m3), on 4 farms the concentrations exceeded the level of 105 cfu/m3 and on 1 farm the level of 106 cfu/m3. During the processing of valerian roots, distinct changes could be observed in the composition of airborne microflora. In the first stages of processing, the freshly dug and washed roots until shaking in the drying room, the most numerous were Gram-negative bacteria of the family Pseudomonadaceae (mostly Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Pseudomonas chlororaphis and Pseudomonas fluorescens). After drying, the dominant organisms were thermo-resistant endospore-forming bacilli (Bacillus spp.) and fungi, among which prevailed Aspergillus fumigatus. Altogether, 29 species or genera of bacteria and 19 species or genera of fungi were identified in the farm air during valerian processing, of these, 10 and 12 species or genera respectively were reported as having allergenic and/or immunotoxic properties. The concentrations of airborne dust and endotoxin on the examined farms were very large and ranged from 10.0-776.7 mg/m3, and from 0.15-24,448.2 µg/m3, respectively (medians 198.3 mg/m3 and 40.48 µg/m3). In conclusion, farmers cultivating valerian could be exposed during processing of valerian roots to large concentrations of airborne microorganisms, dust and endotoxin posing a risk of work-related respiratory disease.

9

Exposure to airborne microorganisms and endotoxin in a potato processing plant

88%

Dutkiewicz J., Krysinska-Traczyk E., Skorska C., Cholewa G., Sitkowska J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2002

|

tom 09

|

nr 2

10

Exposure to airborne microorganisms in Polish sawmills

88%

Dutkiewicz J., Krysinska-Traczyk E., Prazmo Z., Skorska C., Sitkowska J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2001

|

tom 08

|

nr 1

11

Exposure to airborne gram-negative bacteria, dust and endotoxin in paper factories

88%

Prazmo Z., Dutkiewicz J., Skorska C., Sitkowska J., Cholewa G.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2003

|

tom 10

|

nr 1

Air samples for determination of the concentration of Gram-negative bacteria, dust and endotoxin were collected at 10 sites in 2 large pulp and paper mills (paper factories) located in northern Poland, of which one (plant "A") was an older type facility while the other (plant "B") was a modern, fully automated factory with an effective ventilatory system. In both factories paper was produced from wood chips derived mostly from Scots pine. The concentrations of Gram-negative bacteria in the air of examined factories were within a range of 11.0-310.0 cfu/m3, being greatest in the old type factory "A" at the initial stages of production cycle comprising handling of chips and pulp production. The mean value for these sites (246.9 cfu/m3) was significantly greater (t-test, p < 0.01) compared to final stages of paper production in the same factory (mean 32.1 cfu/m3) and to corresponding stages of chip handling in the modern "B" factory (mean 94.4 cfu/m3). The values of the respirable fraction of airborne Gram-negative flora were at most sites within a range of 40.0-56.9%. The species of the family Enterobacteriaceacae, mostly belonging to the genera Enterobacter, Pantoea, Rahnella and Klebsiella, distinctly prevailed in the air of the examined factories. Altogether, 19 species or genera of Gram-negative bacteria were identified in the collected air samples, out of these 9 were reported as having allergenic, immunotoxic and/or infectious properties. The concentration of dust in the air of paper factories ranged from 0.13-3.9 mg/m3 and never exceeded the safe level. The concentration of bacterial endotoxin in the air of paper factories varied within a fairly wide range of 0.0042-2.5 µg/m3. At 4 sites associated with initial chip handling and pulp production large concentrations of airborne endotoxin between 0.2-2.5 µg/m3 were found, significantly exceeding suggested safe levels. In conclusion, despite Gram-negative bacteria occur in the air of paper mills in relatively low concentrations which never exceeded the value of 1,000 cfu/m3 proposed as safe level, they may exert adverse effects on exposed workers, as evidenced by high concentrations of airborne endotoxin and the presence of numerous potentially pathogenic species. Thus, these microorganisms pose a potential risk of respiratory disease for the workers of pulp and paper mills, in particular for those engaged in handling of wood chips and production of pulp.

12

Seasonal microbiological quality of air in veterinary practices in Poland

76%

Sitkowska J., Sitkowski W., Sitkowski L., Lutnicki K., Adamek L., Wilkolek P.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2015

|

tom 22

|

nr 4

13

Exposure of Indian agricultural workers to airborne microorganisms, dust and endotoxin during handling of various plant products

76%

Krysinska-Traczyk E., Pande B. N., Skorska C., Sitkowska J., Prazmo Z., Cholewa G., Dutkiewicz J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2005

|

tom 12

|

nr 2

269-275

Microbiological air sampling with the use of personal sampler was performed in 14 small agricultural facilities located in Aurangabad (Southern India), including 5 farms (at harvesting and threshing), 6 godowns (small food storing and processing settings) and 3 grain or cotton mills. In 12 facilities, including harvesting on farms, godowns and mills, concentrations of airborne microorganisms were relatively low, ranging from 1.5 x 103 - 8.2 x 104 cfu/m3. The striking rise in the concentrations of airborne microbes, by 2-4 orders of magnitude, was noted on 2 farms during threshing of maize (4.2 x 106 cfu/m3) and pearl millet (1.1 x 107 cfu/m3). This was due to release of large quantities of bacteria. During threshing of maize, the most common microorganisms were thermophilic actinomycetes (40% of the total count) and mesophilic actinomycetes of the genus Streptomyces (39%), while during threshing of pearl millet the most abundant were corynebacteria (68%) and Gram-negative bacteria (22%). Mesophilic bacteria formed 16.7-100% of the total airborne microflora and were prevalent in 11 out of 14 facilities. Thermophilic actinomycetes and fungi formed respectively 0-43.1% and 0-83.3% of the total count and were prevalent in 1 and 2 facilities. The concentrations of airborne dust and endotoxin recorded in the examined agricultural facilities, in most cases were very large and ranged from 2.5-257.5 mg/m3, and from 0.0625-125.0 µg/m3, respectively. In 10 out of 14 facilities, the concentrations of dust were of the order 101-102 mg/m3, ranging from 25.0-257.5 mg/m3. Similarly, in 7 out of 14 facilities the concentrations of endotoxin were of the order 101-102 µg/m3, ranging from 31.25-125.0 µg/m3. In conclusion, Indian agricultural workers could be exposed during handling of various plant materials to airborne biological hazards posing a risk of work-related respiratory disease. Of these, the most important are: bacterial endotoxin and allergenic species of bacteria and fungi. The greatest risk occurs at threshing of pearl millet and maize which requests an application of the appropriate prevention measures, such as wearing respirators by the workers and using modern threshing machines reducing the dustiness.

14

Exposure to airborne microorganisms, dust and endotoxin during flax scutching on farms

76%

Krysinska-Traczyk E., Skorska C., Prazmo Z., Sitkowska J., Cholewa G., Dutkiewicz J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2004

|

tom 11

|

nr 2

Microbiological air sampling was performed on 5 flax farms located in eastern Poland. Air samples for determination of the concentrations of microorganisms, dust and endotoxin were collected in barns during machine scutching of flax stems by the farmers. The concentrations of mesophilic bacteria ranged from 203.5-698.8 × 103 cfu/m3, of Gram-negative bacteria from 27.2-123.4 × 103 cfu/m3, of thermophilic actinomycetes from 0.5-2.6 × 103 cfu/m3, and of fungi from 23.4-99.8 × 103 cfu/m3. The concentrations of total airborne microorganisms (bacteria + fungi) were within a range of 245.0-741.0 × 103 cfu/m3. The values of the respirable fraction of total airborne microflora on the examined farms were between 45.5-98.3%. Corynebacteria (irregular Gram-positive rods, mostly Corynebacterium spp.) were dominant at all sampling sites, forming 46.8-67.8% of the total airborne microflora. Among Gram-negative bacteria, the most numerous species was Pantoea agglomerans (synonyms: Erwinia herbicola, Enterobacter agglomerans), known to have strong endotoxic and allergenic properties. Among fungi, the allergenic species Alternaria alternata prevailed. Altogether, 25 species or genera of bacteria and 10 species or genera of fungi were identified in the farm air during flax scutching; of these, 11 and 6 species or genera respectively were reported as having allergenic and/or immunotoxic properties. The concentrations of airborne dust ranged within 43.7-648.1 mg/m3 (median 93.6 mg/m3), exceeding on all farms the Polish OEL value of 4 mg/m3. The concentrations of airborne endotoxin ranged within 16.9-172.1 µg/m3 (median 30.0 µg/m3), exceeding at all sampling sites the suggested OEL value of 0.2 µg/m3. In conclusion, flax farmers performing machine scutching of flax could be exposed to large concentrations of airborne microorganisms, dust and endotoxin, posing a risk of work-related respiratory disease.

15

Precipitin response of potato processing workers to work-related microbial allergens

76%

Dutkiewicz J., Skorska C., Krysinska-Traczyk E., Cholewa G., Sitkowska J., Milanowski J., Gora A.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2002

|

tom 09

|

nr 2

16

Exposure to airborne microorganisms in furniture factories

76%

Krysinska-Traczyk E., Skorska C., Cholewa G., Sitkowska J., Milanowski J., Dutkiewicz J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2002

|

tom 09

|

nr 1

17

Exposure to airborne microorganisms in fiberboard and chipboard factories

76%

Dutkiewicz J., Olenchock S. A., Krysinska-Traczyk E., Skorska C., Sitkowska J., Prazmo Z.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2001

|

tom 08

|

nr 2

18

Exposure to bioaerosols in a municipal sewage treatment plant

76%

Prazmo Z., Krysinska-Traczyk E., Skorska C., Sitkowska J., Cholewa G., Dutkiewicz J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2003

|

tom 10

|

nr 2

19

Response of furniture factory workers to work-related airborne allergens

76%

Skorska C., Krysinska-Traczyk E., Milanowski J., Cholewa G., Sitkowska J., Gora A., Dutkiewicz J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

2002

|

tom 09

|

nr 1

20

Birch wetwood as a source of potential bacterial hazard for woodworkers

76%

Prazmo Z., Krysinska-Traczyk E., Skorska C., Sitkowska J., Cholewa G., Urbanowicz B., Dutkiewicz J.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

|

1996

|

tom 03

|

nr 1

Ograniczanie wyników

Microbial contamination of dental unit waterlines

Microflora of allergenic pollens - a preliminary study

Exposure to airborne microorganisms, dust and endotoxin during processing of peppermint and chamomile herbs on farms

Immunostimulative effects of repeated inhalation exposure to microvesicle-bound endotoxin of Pantoea agglomerans

Levels of bacterial endotoxin in the samples of settled dust collected in animal houses

Levels of bacterial endotoxin in air of animal houses determined with the use of gas chromatography - mass spectrometry and Limulus test

Effects of repeated inhalation exposure to microvesicle-bound endotoxin

Exposure to airborne microorganisms, dust and endotoxin during processing of valerian roots on farms

Exposure to airborne microorganisms and endotoxin in a potato processing plant

Exposure to airborne microorganisms in Polish sawmills

Exposure to airborne gram-negative bacteria, dust and endotoxin in paper factories

Seasonal microbiological quality of air in veterinary practices in Poland

Exposure of Indian agricultural workers to airborne microorganisms, dust and endotoxin during handling of various plant products

Exposure to airborne microorganisms, dust and endotoxin during flax scutching on farms

Precipitin response of potato processing workers to work-related microbial allergens

Exposure to airborne microorganisms in furniture factories

Exposure to airborne microorganisms in fiberboard and chipboard factories

Exposure to bioaerosols in a municipal sewage treatment plant

Response of furniture factory workers to work-related airborne allergens

Birch wetwood as a source of potential bacterial hazard for woodworkers