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The influence of different doses of CaO (10, 20, 30, 40%) added to waste activated sluges on the Pb, Cd, Ni and Cr fraction was investigated for extraction H₂O, 0,1 mol KCl, 0,1 mol NaOH were used. In water extractet under the addition of CaO the content of Pb, Cd and Cr was decreased but the content of Ni and Cu was increased. In 0,1 mol NaOH extract the contennt of determinated heavy metals were similar like in water extract except Ni. which the content under the influence of CaO decreased. In 1 mol KCl extract the addition of CaO increased the content of determinated heavy metals. The highest concentration of was determinated in extracts got after addition of 10% CaO but for Cd, Cu when 30% CaO were added.
Lactic acid bacteria from genus Lactococcus are very significant for the dairy industry and this is mainly due to their fast lactose fermentation process and production of aroma compounds. Other useful characteristics of Lactococcus are their resistance to bacteriophages, production of EPS and bacteriocins. Moreover, Lactococcus have a very low sensitivity to NaCl, low temperature and low pH. Their activity is stable and they have a high survival rate during production process. The many advantages and few disadvantages of this bacteria means that they are very commonly applied them in the production of fermented milk, sour cream, kefir, butter, curd cheese and rennet cheese. Studies over the last few years have confirmed the numerous health benefits of these bacteria, and this has qualified them as potential probiotics. The beneficial influence on human health includes vitamin synthesis, decrease of allergic reactions to milk proteins and easing lactose intolerance, reducing cholesterol blood level and the ability of the bacteria to adhere to the digestive tract.
Celem badań było określenie wpływu nawożenia osadami ściekowymi, gatunku gleby I wapnowania na zawartość manganu i niklu w biomasie życicy wielokwiatowej. Stwierdzona zawartość tych metali w zastosowanych materiałach organicznych pozwala na ich stosowanie do celów rolniczych. Nawożenie osadami ściekowymi istotnie zwiększyło zawartość manganu i niklu w roślinie testowej, ale całkowita zawartość tych metali w trawie nie przekraczała stężeń uznawanych za toksyczne. Istotnie większą ilość Mn stwierdzono w życicy wielokwiatowej uprawianej na glinie piaszczystej a niklu na piasku gliniastym. Wapnowanie istotnie obniżyło zawartość niklu w roślinach uprawianych w obu latach doświadczenia.
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań, których celem było określenie wpływu stosowania osadów ściekowych z dwóch oczyszczalni ścieków na glebę lekką i średnio zwięzłą oraz wapnowania na zawartość selenu, kobaltu i glinu w życicy wielokwiatowej. Działanie osadów porównano do obornika bydlęcego stosowanego w takiej samej dawce i terminie. Nawożenie osadami ściekowymi istotnie zwiększyło zawartość badanych pierwiastków w roślinie testowej, lecz nie przekraczały one wartości optymalnych w żywieniu zwierząt. Stwierdzono istotnie większą zawartość selenu w roślinach uprawianych na glebie średnio zwięzłej, natomiast kobaltu i glinu na glebie lekkiej. Wapnowanie istotnie zwiększyło akumulację Se, a obniżyło zawartość Co i Al w testowanych roślinach.
This work presents the influence of the method used for vacuum drying on the dry matter content and water absorption capacity of dried strawberries. Calibrated frozen and defrosted strawberries variety Senga Sengana were used in the research. Vacuum drying was carried out twice at preset temperature of 70°C under pressure of 4 and 16 kPa and with a step change of pressure from 4 to 16 kPa. Pressure was changed, as well as the dryer, through either the vacuum-convective or the convective-vacuum drying method, after 4 and 5 hours respectively. The dry matter content and water absorption capacity were determined in strawberries. The dry matter content of strawberries after drying processes with the step change of pressure from 4 to 16 kPa and both fixed levels of pressure did not differ significantly. However, vacuum-convective drying resulted in statistically lower dry matter content. In spite of the introduction of step increase of pressure from 4 to 16 kPa the water absorption capacity was comparable for dried fruits under 4 kPa pressure. The lowest water absorption capacity of vacuum-convective dried strawberries in relation to absorption results of dried fruits obtained under 4 kPa pressure or by convective-vacuum method indicated the exis-tence of structural differences between products.
The objective of our study was to determine changes in protein and monosaccharide content in select grass species due to an application of the kelp species Ecklonia maxima extract. The field experiment was arranged as a randomized sub-block design (split-split-plot) with three replicates. The following factors were examined: growth stimulant with the trade name Kelpak SL, which was either applied at the rate of 2,000 dm3·ha-1 or not applied, pure-sown grass species, and cultivars (Dactylis glomerata, cv. Amila and Tukan; Festulolium braunii, cv. Felopa and Agula). Protein compounds and monosaccharides were determined in the dry matter of the tested grasses. The biostimulant Kelpak significantly increased both protein compounds and monosaccharides as well as the carbohydrate-protein ratio in the plants. The grass species and their cultivars had different levels of protein compounds and carbohydrates.
Waste sludge separated from sewage containing blood, content of chicken stomach and other organic and mineral compounds produced in poultry processing plant ‘Drosed’ at Siedlce contained in per cent of dry matter: N-8.85, P-1.2, K-0.12 and small amounts of heavy metals. Fertilizing value of sludge was higher than FYM applicated in dose of 10 % in relation to dry matter of soil. The highest yield of ryegrass was obtained in combination with 15 % of sludge applied in relation to dry matter of soil. Increasing the dose of sludge up to 20 % of dry matter of soil decreased the yield of ryegrass dry matter. Sludge applied in doses from 2 to 20 % of soil dry matter increased the content of nitrogen and carbon in soils, available phosphorus and potassium as well as decreased the degree of saturation ratio of sorption complex by base exchange cations, what acidified the fertilized soils.
The waste activated sludges had a significant influence on the content of macroelements in Lolium multiflorum whereas waste activated sludges from the Drosed Co. were a better source of nutrients for plants than the waste activated sludge from Siedlce. All other parameters investigated, such as type of soil and liming also had a significant influence on the features investigated.
Celem badań było określenie wpływu zróżnicowanego nawożenia organicznymi i mineralnymi materiałami odpadowymi na zawartość Cr, Mn i Ni w kupkówce pospolitej i kukurydzy. Stosowanie osadów ściekowych i popiołu z węgla kamiennego istotnie zwiększyło zawartość manganu w roślinach testowych. Zawartość niklu w kupkówce pospolitej zróżnicowało jedynie stosowanie osadów ściekowych. Istotnie mniejszą zawartość chromu stwierdzono z obiektów nawożonych materiałami odpadowymi i ich mieszaniną. Wapnowanie istotnie obniżyło ilość Mn w roślinach testowych oraz Cr w kupkówce pospolitej. Nawożenie NPK niejednoznacznie różnicowało zawartość badanych pierwiastków w roślinach. Całkowita zawartość chromu, manganu i niklu w roślinach testowych nie przekraczała stężeń uznawanych za toksyczne dla roślin.
This investigation was carried out in the pot experiment in which the influence of the application of low peat and waste from the factory which produces paint and varnish material mixture, liming and mineral fertilization on the yield and macroelement content of Lolium multiflorum was tested. The used low peat was characterized by a high content of macroelements and the sludge from the varnish materials contained their trace amounts. The addition of low peat and waste from the factory which produces paint mixture significiently increased (21%) the yield of Lolium multiflorum as compared to the yield from the control object which indicates the possibility of using this mixture in the fertilization of plants. Mineral fertilization and liming also significantly increased affected the content of macroelements in soil.
The yield of Lolium multiflorum harvested after fertilization with waste activated sludges from both sewage purification plants were higher than from the control and FYM objects. Total sulphur content in plants was very differentiated (i.e. it ranged from 1.0 to 8.4 g kg-1 of DM) and depended on all experimental parameters investigated.
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