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The complete coding sequences of 3 porcine genes -ASPA, NAGA, and HEXA - were amplified by the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based on the conserved sequence information of the mouse or other mammals and referenced pig ESTs. These 3 novel porcine genes were then deposited in the NCB1 database and assigned GeneIDs: 100142661,100142664 and 100142667. The phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that the porcine ASPA, NAGA, and HEXA all have closer genetic relationships with theASPA, NAGA, and HEXA of cattle. Tissue expression profile analysis was also carried out and results revealed that swine ASPA, NAGA, and HEXA genes were differentially expressed in various organs, including skeletal muscle, the heart, liver, fat, kidney, lung, and small and large intestines. Our experiment is the first one to establish the foundation for further research on these 3 swine genes.
Seed plant diversity is under threat due to human over-exploitation and changes in land use. There is a need to identify regions where seed plant diversity is most at risk and establish nature reserves to protect the most important species. This study collected province scale seed plant richness data and corresponding environmental, social and, economic data in China in order to assess the impact of environmental and socio-economic factors on seed plant diversity and to quantify the relative importance of climate, human disturbance, and habitat heterogeneity on the distribution of seed plant diversity. A downscaling model was established to map the spatial distribution of seed plant diversity at a 1-km resolution. The results showed that temperature and precipitation seasonality, potential evapotranspiration, humidity index, altitude range, and gross domestic product were important determinants of seed plant diversity. The relative contribution of temperature seasonality was the most important factor (explaining 29.9–36.2% of the variation). Climate, human disturbance, and habitat heterogeneity explained much of the seed plant richness and density variation (about 69.4–71.9%). A scale-down model explained 72% of seed plant richness variation and showed that the center of seed plant species diversity was mainly located in the southeast area of China in the Qing-Tibet Plateau, Yun-Gui Plateau, Hengduan Mountain region, middle of the Sichuan Basins, Taiwan island, and Hainan island. This study improves our understanding of biodiversity hotspot regions and is a useful tool for biodiversity conservation policy and nature reserve management in China.
The enzyme strictosidine synthase (STR, EC: 4.3.3.2) plays a key role in the biosynthetic pathway of terpenoid indole alkaloid (TIA). It catalyzes the condensation of the tryptamine and secologanin to form 3α(S)-strictosidine, which is the common precursor of all TIAs. In this paper, a STR gene designated as DoSTR (GenBank: KX068707) was first cloned and characterized from Dendrobium officinale with rapid amplified cDNA ends method (RACE). DoSTR has a length of 1380bp with 1179bp open reading frame encoding 392 amino acids. BlastP analyses showed that its amino acid sequence was classified into Str_synth superfamily. qRT-PCR showed that DoSTR was expressed in all tissues tested, with a significantly higher level in flower and the lowest in stem. Four different treatments with MeJA, SA, ABA and AgNO₃, respectively, could induce the DoSTR expression to a different extent. And the effect of MeJA was the most obvious and transcript level of DoSTR induced by MeJA was 20.7 times greater than that of control at 48 hours after treatment. Furthermore, it was found that DoSTR was localized in vacuole through transient expression in tobacco. The characterization and expression of DoSTR can help in further studying the role of DoSTR in the biosynthesis of TIAs in D. officinale. This study may throw light on the alkaloid biosynthesis pathway of D. officinale.
The study aimed to compare Mspl polymorphisms in the 3rd intron of the porcine gene encoding the pituitary-1 transcription factor (Pit-1, renamed as POU1F1) among 5 breeds and to determine the associations between its genotypes and growth performance in a commercial pig population by using the PCR-RFLP technique. Significant differences in genotypie and allelic frequencies were found between the meat-type and fat-type breeds (P < 0.05), and between miniature pigs and others (P < 0.05). No breed deviated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (verified by chi-square test). The general linear model analysis revealed that higher body weight on day 180 (BW180) and average daily gain (ADG) were significantly associated with POU1F1 DD genotype (P < 0.05). The differences in BW180 and ADG between DD pigs and both CD and CC pigs were significant (P < 0.05), and the DD pigs had a significantly higher body weight on day 45 (BW45) and on day 70 (BW70) than CC pigs (P < 0.05). All measured growth traits, except for body weight at birth (BWB), showed higher values in DD pigs. The D allele had a favorable positive effect on growth traits. Thus POU1F1 is a potential major gene or marker for growth traits.
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