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The present study examined the impact of solar radiation, including UVB, on the activity of intra- and extracellular bacterial enzymes from the surface microlayer (SM). Following results of the study, it was concluded that solar radiation has a significant impact on the activity of extracellular hydrolases in the SM water. In contrast, no clear changes in activity of these en­zymes were observed in subsurface water (SW). The activity of intracellular enzymes (cellular de­hydrogenases) of bacteria inhabiting the SM and SW underwent no significant changes in the pres­ence of solar radiation. Furthermore, the study also demonstrated substantial changes in the num­bers of bacteria occurring in the SM water depending on the intensity of solar radiation.
This study examined changes of bacteria numbers in the surface microlayer (SM) and subsurface water (SW) of a lake during a day- and night-time. The research also addresses the synthesis of DNA and cell protein as well as the activity of cellular dehydrogenases depending on time of the day. Results demonstrated that in spring and summer the numbers of bacteria (per cm3 ) in the SM was significantly greater during night-time than day-time (average: May, daytime – 30.058 × 10⁶, night-time – 71.343 × 10⁶; July, day-time – 10.801 × 10⁶, night-time – 40.353 × 10⁶). In October, numbers of bacteria in dayand night-time were not statistically different (respectively: 5.841 × 10⁶ and 3.664 × 10⁶). Results indicated also that the rate of DNA synthesis by SM bacteria was much higher in the night-time (average: May – 2.049 × 10⁻⁶ pg h⁻¹ cell⁻¹; July – 1.363 × 10⁻⁶ pg h⁻¹ cell⁻¹), than in the day-time (average: May – 0.7263 × 10⁻⁶ pg h⁻¹ cell⁻¹; July – 0.3404 ×10⁻⁶ pg h⁻¹ cell⁻¹). In contrast, in October the values of DNA synthesis by SM bacteria were higher in night-time. These changes are significantly smaller in SW at a depth of several dozen centimetres. However, no significant impact was observed of a time of the day on the activity of protein synthesis and activity of cellular dehydrogenases by bacteria inhabiting SM and SW.
Pomiary pola powierzchni śladów przedniego i tylnego koła ciągnika MF 235 wykonano dla 3 różnych ciśnień w oponach i 5 obciążeń. Zastosowana metoda wideo-komputerowa pozwala na dokładne określenie mierzonych powierzchni dla różnych warunków eksploatacyjnych. Przedstawione wykresy oraz sformułowane równania regresji wskazują, iż powierzchnia śladów wzrasta proporcjonalnie do obciążenia i ciśnienia.
The present study examined the impact of solar radiation, including UVB, on the activity of intra- and extracellular bacterial enzymes from the surface microlayer (SM). Following results of the study, it was concluded that solar radiation has a significant impact on the activity of extracellular hydrolases in the SM water. In contrast, no clear changes in activity of these enzymes were observed in subsurface water (SW). The activity of intracellular enzymes (cellular dehydrogenases) of bacteria inhabiting the SM and SW underwent no significant changes in the presence of solar radiation. Furthermore, the study demonstrated also substantial changes in the numbers of bacteria occurring in the SM water depending on the intensity of solar radiation.
During the field research in various phytocenoses of Sosnowiec city in year 2002, altogether 98 species of planthoppers and leafhoppers, which constitute 19% of Polish fauna were found. The new species for Upper Silesia are: Eurybregma negrolineata SCOTT, 1875, Arboridia erecta (RIBAUT, 1931), Arboridia velata (RlBAUT, 1952), Doratura impudica HORVÁTH, 1897, Mocydiopsis attenuata (GERMAR, 1821). Moreover two species: Backlutha calama-grostis OSSIANNILSSON, 1961, and Doliotettix lunulatus (ZETTERSTEDT, 1840) were confirmed as still present in Upper Silesian region.
Logging is an important element of wood production. Its modelling gives an opportunity to compare different scenarios before the work has started and may be helpful in future operations planning. A computer program was created which includes basic factors influencing forwarder efficiency: parameters of the machine, the stand and the assortments. The results of the simulation confirm relations between certain factors and forwarder performance given by other authors. Counted absolute values may be higher than real. Relative comparison of relations between factors is more accurate.
The occurrence and removal of sanitary indicator bacteria (TC, FC, FS) and bacteria of Enterobacteriaceae family during the standard sewage treatment process were investigated. In addition, we determined the antibiotic-resistance of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria in raw and treated sewage. The result of the conducted study demonstrated that bacteria of Enterobacteriaceae family were most numerous among the surveyed microorganisms, and fecal streptococci was the least numerous bacteria group. The survey of antibiotic resistance of Enterobacteriaceae family demonstrated that these bacteria are the least sensitive to streptomycin and erythromycin. The increase in the proportion of bacterial strains resistance to tested antibiotics in the subsequent months of the study was correlated with the upward seasonal trend in human population morbidity, and in turn the usage antibiotic therapy.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Dopaminergic midbrain neurons are able to generate two distinct patterns of electrical activity: tonic and bursting. The latter one is suggested to be essential for phasic dopamine release in target structures. It has been previously found that DA-like neurons change their pattern of activity during sleep, with prominent bursting during REM and tonic firing during nonREM phase. Since urethane anaesthesia is postulated to be a model of cyclic sleep-like alternations of the brain state, we have performed experiments aimed to correlate changes in the firing pattern of midbrain DA neurons with changes of the brain state. METHODS: We have performed extracellular in vivo recordings of midbrain DA neurons activity and simultaneous electrocorticographic monitoring of the brain state in urethane anesthetised Wistar rats. RESULTS: Obtained results showed that the activity pattern of putatively DA neurons in the ventral tegmental area subregions (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) strongly correlates with the cyclic changes in the brain state. This relationship was opposite to the one observed during natural sleep. Tonic firing pattern was dominating during cortical activation (REM-like state) whereas bursting was observed mainly during cortical deactivation (NonREM-like state). Magnitude of this phenomenon was strongly correlated with the anatomical localisation of the recorded neurons within the VTA subregions (PBP, PIF, PN). CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm that activity of midbrain DA neurons is correlated with alternating states of the brain and shows opposite correlation to the one observed in freely moving animals. They emphasize that the influence of anaesthetic drugs should be taken under consideration during the experiments on dopaminergic midbrain neurons.
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