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The aim of this thesis was to compare turkeys’ behavior from two separate genetic groups, being reared semi-intensively. The willingness of spending time on the run, the relations between the birds, reaction to wild animals and human presence were analyzed. Big-6 hybrids were more sensitive to weather changes, they were characterized by a lack of reaction to potential perils of the predators and were too trustful towards humans. As compared to these birds, primitive turkeys’ behavior was similar to the behavior of wild birds’ ancestors of the discussed breed.
Two groups of both sexes’ turkeys: 40 animals of heavy Big-6 turkeys and 40 individuals of primitive turkeys were reared in the semi-intensive farming. During the experiment, their health condition was checked permanently. The reasons for death and culling were determined according to clinical research and autopsy. The two main reasons for decease in both discussed groups were as follows: chicks’ death caused by hunger and alimentary tract clogged by litter. In the Big-6 group, sepsis coli- bacteriosis occurrence and locomotive problems were observed between the 6th and 8th week of live. After rearing period, the considerably higher survivability rate (by 17.5%) was found in the primitive turkeys’ group.
This study was aimed at comparing production results of laying hens kept in two types of cages: furnished cages and conventional cages. It covered the period from the 36th till the 54th week of hens life that was divided into two experimental stages: stage I - from week 36 till week 44, and stage II - from week 46 to week 54. Till week 44, 190 layers were reared in groups (10 hens each) in furnished cages (F) and 190 layers were kept individually in conventional cages (C). In week 45, the hens from furnished cages (F) were moved to conventional cages (FC), whereas these from conventional cages (C) were randomly merged into groups of 10 hens and transferred to furnished cages (CF). Egg laying (%) and egg weight (g) were controlled as well as percentage contribution of eggs in standard egg weight classes was determined in both experimental stages. The study showed a significant (P < 0.01) effect of cage type on the laying performance of the hens but only in the second stage of the study, as well as a significant (P < 0.01) effect of hens moving to different cages. In both cases, higher egg laying was reported for the hens from the conventional cages. Egg weight in the first and the second stage of the experiment was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in the groups housed in the furnished cage. A higher egg weight (P < 0.01) was determined in the layers in the second stage of the study. Both in the first (P < 0.01) and in the second (P < 0.05) stage, analyses showed a significant effect of cage type on the contribution (%) of eggs in particular egg weight classes. A higher percentage of eggs in the L class was obtained from the hens housed in the furnished cages. Differences in laying performance after hens moving suggest that the layers adapt more easily and faster to conditions of the C type cages. The egg weight was, probably, more dependent on general laying performance and age of the hens than on cage type.
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