Carbonated waters and waters containing carbon dioxide have long been exploited in the Polish Outer Carpathians, especially in the Krynica subunit of Magura Nappe. Exploitation of these waters in the Zubrzyk area is the latest hydrogeological development. The first boreholes were drilled in the early 21st century. Currently, exploitation of therapeutic waters is managed by three boreholes. Two of them (Z-2 and Z-3a) have a database of several years of observation of physical and chemical parameters. The Z-8 borehole was included in exploitation only in early 2016. The Z-2 borehole takes in HCO₃-Ca-Mg-Na carbonated water, the Z-3a borehole takes in HCO₃-Na-Mg-Ca carbonated water, and the Z-8 borehole intakes HCO₃-Na-Mg water containing carbon dioxide.
Aim of the study In the present study, we aimed to verify empirical formulas for calculating mean low flow (MLF) with the view to evaluating available water resources for mountain catchments, located in the upper Vistula Basin. The following empirical formulas were analysed: Punzet and Stachý. Material and methods The studies were conducted in the following stages: analysis of significant trends for low flows in the analysed catchments, followed by the mean low flows determination using the analysed methods, and the determination of available water resources in relation to MLF obtained from the various analysed methods. Results and conclusions The analysis of the results showed lack of statistically significant trends in the course of low flows for the analysed catchments. Also, the analysis indicated significant differences between MLF derived from hydrological data and that derived from empirical formulas. The obtained results indicated the need to update the empirical formulas for calculating MLF, particularly regarding the determination of available water resources in ungauged catchments, in relation to mean low flows.
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