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W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań nad wpływem herbicydów na aktywność pektolityczną i celulolityczną następujących grzybów antagonistycznych: Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma pseudokoningii i Trichoderma viride. W badaniach wykorzystano fungicydy: Miedzian 50 WP, Topsin M 70 WP, Zaprawa Oxafun T. Stwierdzono, że badane grzyby różniły się ilością produkowanych enzymów oraz składem kompleksów enzymatycznych. Testowane fungicydy powodowały spadek lub całkowite zahamowanie syntezy liazy pektynianowej, poligalakturonazy, endocelulaz, egzocelulaz oraz â-glukozydazy. Jedynie Miedzian 50 istotnie zwiększał aktywność β-glukozydazy u T. pseudokoningii.
The occurrence of stem and leaf diseases caused by pathogenic fungi was assessed on a shrot rotation willow plantation in Zabierzów Bocheński near Niepołomice. Willow bushes of different age (five, four, two – year) were cultivated on the plantation. The research was conducted in 2006–2007. Stem cancer caused by Cryptodiaporthe salicella as a willow shoot disease occurred with the higest frequency, while the most important leaf diseases were willow rust (Melamspora spp.) and leaf spotting (Drepanopeziza spp.). The oldest bushes of willow were most severely damaged by shoot and leaf diseases. Monitoring of willow diseases is a necessary strategy for the control of sanitary conditions of willows grown as bioenergetic plants.
The occurrence of stem and leaf diseases caused by pathogenic fungi was assessed on a shrot rotation willow plantation in Kraków. Willow bushes of different age (two, four – years) were cultivated on the plantation. The research was conducted in 2006–2007. Stem cancer caused by Cryptodiaporthe salicella as a willow shoot disease occurred with the higest frequency, while the most important leaf diseases were leaf spotting (Drepanopeziza spp.) and willow rust (Melampsora spp.). The oldest bushes of willow were most severely damaged by shoot and leaf diseases. Monitoring of willow diseases is a necessary strategy for the monitoring of sanitary conditions of willows grown as bioenergetic plants.
Research was conducted on the effect of foliar fertilizers containing various macro and microelements (N, Ca, K, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo and Zn) on mycelial growth, spore germination and antagonism of Trichoderma isolates. It was found that foliar fertilizers cause changes in the development and antagonism of Trichoderma spp. The kind of changes depends on the fungal isolate and fertilizer composition. T. harzianum isolate, in which a decrease in spore germination index and considerable changes of mycelial growth and antagonism rate were observed, proved the most sensitive to the chosen fertilizers. Among the selected fertilizers Mikrovit Cu acted most unfavourably, since it most strongly inhibited mycelial growth and T. harzianum spore germi­nation, and diminished the antagonism of Trichoderma isolates towards B. cinerea and R. solani. It was found that Mikrovit 1, potassium Alkalin and Wapnovit fertilizers significantly increased the growth rate of T. harzianum mycelium. Germination of T. pseudokonigii and T. viride spores were most stimulated by Mikrovit Mn, whereas Molibdenit inhibited this process in T. viride. Potassium Alkalin is a fertilizer which favourably affects the antagonism of Trichoderma isolates towards B. cinerea and R. solani. On the other hand, Mikrovit Mn and Mikrovit Cu preparations diminish biocontrol abilities in the analyzed Trichoderma isolates toward pathogens.
The occurrence of stem and leaf diseases caused by pathogenic fungi was assessed on a short rotation willow plantation in Jaworzno-Dąb. Willow bushes of different age (five, six, eleven – year) were cultivated on the plantation. The research was conducted in 2006–2007. Spotting caused by Drepanopeziza spp. as a willow shoot and leaf disease occurred with the highest frequency. The oldest bushes of willow were most severely damaged by shoot and leaf diseases. Monitoring of willow diseases is a necessary strategy for the control of sanitary conditions of willows grown as bioenergetic plants.
W przeprowadzonym doświadczeniu badano wpływ temperatury inkubacji na wzrost grzybni, kiełkowanie zarodników oraz indywidualny efekt biotyczny (IEB) grzybów Trichoderma harzianum, T. pseudokoningii i T. viride. Temperatury w zakresie 5-15°C hamowały wzrost grzybni i tworzenie strzępek kiełkowych badanych izolatów Trichoderma spp. Również wartość IEB zależała od temperatury. Wszystkie izolaty Trichoderma spp. silnie ograniczały wzrost patogenów tylko w temperaturze 20°C.
The paper presents results of research into the effect of magnesium and zinc ions, Miedzian 50 WP and Topsin M 70 WP fungicides and Dispersive Afalon 450 SC and Racer 250 WP herbicides on the development and bioactivity of the following isolates of antagonistic fungi: Trichoderma harzianum Rifai, Trichoderma pseudokoningii Rifai and Trichoderma viride Pers. ex Gray. There was defined an effect of the said factors in different concentrations on mycelium growth and germination of Trichoderma genus fungi spores and on their antagonistic activity towards fungi pathogenic for plants. It was observed that the factors studied affected the Trichoderma genus fungi tested, with reactions of fungi depending on the kind of factor, its concentration and on the fungus isolate. There were recorded some powerful fungistatic properties of zinc ions in concentrations of 1000 and 3000 ppm and Topsin M 70 WP, Dispersive Afalon 450 SC and Racer 250 WP in the dose of 100 ppm.
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