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In Poland the base of small-sized wood and not middle-sized wood of a worse quality which is possible to be gained and utilized, is estimated at about 2 mln m³ a year. The above mentioned wood, as well as some waste turned into chips, may make a raw material of standard value used among others in the production of boards and cellulose. It may also be an energy source or may be used in the production of charcoal. Chips obtained from some of the wood waste in many cases may be used in the same or similar way as for example raw material produced in the shape of rolls, spit woods, perches or poles. Included among the main reasons of the insufficient use of such material are the unsolved problems of its technical and technological processing in forestry and forest industry. Until now small-sized wood, branches, tree-tops and other logging residuals were burnt in method forest, which had nothing to do with the ecological ways of utilizing logging residuals and should be generally prohibited in regard to ecology and environmental protection. Wood waste in various phases of its formation should be ground before utilization, was in most cases it may be rationally used only in the form of chips. This is why wood waste, with regard to the fact that its raw material base spreads in different places, should be ground with mobile chippers, whereas sawmills and cellulose, particle board or fibre board factories as well as other forest industry workshops should be equipped with stationary chippers.
The paper presents ecological and ergonomic issues which must be faced by wood industry enterprises in order to conform with European Union regulations. Special attention was drawn to the problem of selected factors which affect occupational safety in wood industry. Occupational nuisance should be, if possible, eliminated or at least considerably limited. As the most common irreversible occupational diseases in Europe are those connected with hearing damages caused by noise, basic facts on this subject are presented.
The article relates to arduousness of work and draws particular attention to the problem of accidents at work in timber industry companies in the years 2005-2011. A concise description is presented of the issue of work arduousness caused by noise, mechanical vibration and timber dust, as they are important factors affecting employees’ health. The final part of the paper shows conclusions which may contribute to raising the standards of working conditions in timber industry companies.
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