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Nonpharmacological methods of treating cardiovascular diseases are becoming increasingly popular in veterinary cardiology. These methods often result in a complete and permanent cure of the patient and are a viable alternative to pharmacological treatment. This article presents selected nonpharmacological methods of treating cardiovascular diseases applied by the authors at the Department of Internal Medicine and the Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats in Wrocław.
The aim of the study was to estimate prevalence of tricuspid dysplasia (TD) in dogs with respect to breed, age, sex, clinical signs, and echocardiographic findings and to compare this data with literature. TD was found in 15 dogs (6.5% of congenital cardiac disease) of 215 dogs with congenital heart defects. All dogs had right heart enlargement on thoracic radiographs, echocardiography, and electrocardiography. Doppler echocardiography revealed tricuspid valve regurgitation. Seven dogs presented no clinical symptoms to date. TD took the form of Ebstein anomaly in all Labrador Retrievers, one Boxer, and one German Shepherd dog. TD predominated in males (11 males vs. three females). The body weight of the affected dogs, with the exception of the Miniature Schnauzer, exceeded 20 kg. Two dogs (Boxer and Bull Terrier) had additional congenital cardiac lesions in the form of mitral valve dysplasia. The most affected breeds in the study were the Labrador Retriever and Boxer.
The aim of the study was to determine the epidemiological prevalence of aortic stenosis (AS) among dogs in Poland. Among 287 dogs, diagnosed with congenital heart disease at the Department of Internal Diseases and the Clinic of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, at the Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences in Poland, in the years 2004-2011, there were 97 dogs with diagnosed AS. Diagnosis was based on clinical signs and physical examination, including auscultation and echocardiography (two-dimensional and Doppler). AS constituted 33.8% of all diagnosed congenital heart defects. In our clinic, aortic stenosis and pulmonic stenosis share the 1st place among the most commonly presented congenital malformations. Out of all AS cases diagnosed in the clinic, 65.6% were mild, 20.3% severe, and 14.1% moderate. The predominant form of AS was subaortic stenosis, with 90.7% affected dogs. Other types were less common: valvular aortic stenosis and supravalvular aortic stenosis accounted for 8.3% and 1% of all AS cases, respectively. Females seem to be less predisposed than males. Among various breeds, the sex predisposition seems to be significant in the Golden Retriever breed, in which 3 times more males than females are affected. The epidemiological prevalence of aortic stenosis among dogs in Poland is similar to that described in other European countries and America. Clinical signs usually do not appear in mild and moderate cases, so these dogs can live normally and reproduce for many years. In order to decrease the incidence of AS, it is important to do screening tests of predisposed breeds and exclude animals with all classes of this malformation from breeding.
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