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Colletotrichum dematium was isolated from caraway for the first time in Poland in 2005. Isolations of this fungus were repeated in 2006 and 2007. The cultures of fungus were obtained from superficially disinfected leaves, root necks, roots, stems and umbels. The isolates were identified on culture media: PDA and malt agar with addition of pieces of caraway stems and on the base of macro and microscopic structures. Studies on the biotic effect between C. dematium and other species of phyllosphere fungi of caraway showed that the majority of the studied species limited the growth and development of C. dematium, but the size of the limiting effect was different. The species from Trichoderma and Gliocladium genera were the most effective against C. dematium, causing degeneration and lysis of hyphae and precluded the formation of the pathogen's acervuli and conidia. C. dematium in dual culture with E. purpurascens, A. radicina, S. sclerotiorum, B. cinerea and R. solani produced an inhibition zone which indicated its capacity for antibiosis.
Phomopsis diachenii was isolated from caraway cultivars Konczewicki, firstly in 2006 and next in 2007. Single cultures were obtained from the roots and the stem base of eight six-week-old seedlings and from the stems of two plants with symptoms of necrosis, in the second year of planting. This fungus was isolated from the plant parts superficially disinfected on malt agar medium with an addition 0.01% of streptomycin. The identification of the species was made on PDA medium. The biotic interactions between P. diachenii and S. carvi and other species of phyllosphere fungi of caraway were studied. Interactions among the fungi, i.e. between P. diachenii and one of the fungi representing the studied community, were examined using the biotic series method. The biotic effects of the fungi in dual cultures were evaluated after 10 and 20 days of common growth and were expressed as the individual biotic effect (IBE). It was shown that P. diachenii is a weak competitor because its growth was limited by numerous species of phyllosphere fungi. The obtained results indicated the dominance of biotic activity of P. diachenii over that of S. carvi. It is possible that P. diachenii has a greater ability to survive in the phyllosphere fungal community than S. carvi, causing septoriosis of caraway.
The studies on occurrence and some morphology elements of Phoma strasseri, the species not reported in Poland till now were carried out. The cultures of fungus were isolated from the stems and rhizomes of two-year-old plants showing symptoms of necrosis and softening of tissues. The morphology of conidia and pycnidia, character of the colonies growth and biochemical features of the examined isolates were the case for regarding this fungus as P. strasseri.
The occurrence and harmfulness of fungi towards Pastinaca sativa L. parsnip of White Gem cultivar were determined in 2005–2007. The mycological analysis of schizocarps with spots and without spots, seedlings and plants at the time of harvest was conducted every year. The fungi were identified on the basis of etiological symptoms visible on the infected parts of plants and on the basis of the results of mycological analysis. Parsnip schizocarps were colonized by various fungi species. Larger frequency of occurrence and biodiversity of fungi species on plants at the time of the harvest was found as compared to the seedlings. The fungus Itersonilia pastinacae, recognized as a cause of black cancer of parsnip in the regions where this plant is cultivated, was isolated for the first time in Poland. Alternaria alternata, A. raphani, Fusarium oxysporum, F. equiseti, F. solani and Stemphylium botryosum belonged to the species of fungi frequently isolated from various parts of this plant.
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