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The performed investigations aimed at assessing the welfare of horses in accordance with the rules and methods of zoohygienic inventory. The investigations were performed and the measurements taken at the Wolica riding complex of Warsaw University of Life Sciences. The basic parameters creating the microclimate were evaluated in the research described in the paper "The welfare of horses assessed by the investigations of chosen parameters of the stable microclimate" published in the present issue of Animal Science. Using the rules and methods of zoohygienic inventory the current paper presents the farm buildings, their equipment, ventilation system and closest surroundings in which the horses are kept. The investigations included the concentration of ammonia in the stables, to demonstrate the effectiveness of drains and ventilation. The obtained results were compared with the binding standards. The obtained results show that the parameters agree with zoohygienic recommendations and exceed the standards only sporadically. The welfare of animals was maintained.
The main role of iron is being part of haemoglobin, whose level it stabilizes; however, iron also plays a very important role in immunological processes and the metabolism of the organism. Hepcidin is a peptide hormone. It was first isolated from human blood and urine, and its release was attributed to the liver. A failure to produce hepcidin is related to iron overload, while its excessive production to anaemia caused by iron deficit. The releasing of hepcidin also affects hypoxia and inflammation through inhibiting these processes in patients with haemochromatosis. There are three forms of the regulation of the iron level: the first is a regulation in cellular storages, the second is erythropoiesis and the third is a dietary regulator. Hepcidin was identified as a regulator which communicates the level of iron reserves in the organism to intestine cells responsible for the absorption of iron. In inflammatory conditions, when the organism wishes to cause alimentary iron deficit, hepcidin production increases even a hundred fold, thus leading to anaemia. Hepcidin is also a stimulator of inflammation as an antibacterial factor produced in the liver parenchyma. It decreases the absorption of iron in the intestines and increases the secretion of iron to the reticuloendothelial system. Experiments on animals deprived of hepcidin and animals with its excess make it possible to understand iron homeostasis and confirm the role of hepcidin as a hormone regulating iron metabolism.
Przedstawiono rezultaty badań zawartości żelaza w żółtku jaj kurzych pochodzących z dwóch rejonów województwa mazowieckiego różniących się intensywnością działalności człowieka. Materiał badawczy stanowiły jaja od kur utrzymywanych w systemie chowu fermowego i przyzagrodowego.
The performed investigations aimed at assessing the welfare of horses on the basis of the examination of chosen parameters of the stable microclimate. The investigations were carried out at the Wolica horse riding complex of Warsaw University of Life Sciences. The objects of the investigations were two buildings with breeding environments. The investigations were carried out during three seasons: summer, autumn and winter. The investigated basic parameters of the microclimate were: air temperature, relative humidity, air cooling force and movement as well as the type and intensity of lighting. The results were compared with the binding norms. The obtained results show that the parameters agree with the recommendations of animal hygiene exceeding the norms only sporadically. The welfare was maintained.
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