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The aim of the study was to determine the species composition, prevalence and intensity of parasitic enteric infections in cows in relation to farm management system. Prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes and Eimeria protozoans was determined from coproscopic examinations using Willis-Schlaf flotation. The species composition of coccidia was determined from morphological characters and the time of oocyst sporulation. Fluke liver eggs were detected by decantation. The average rates of parasitic infections were 67.42%, in the biodynamic farm, 62.14%, in the organic farms, and 63.26%, in the conventional cattle farm. Cows managed in the biodynamic farm suffered from infections by Eimeria protozoans and gastrointestinal nematodes, whereas Eimeria, gastrointestinal nematodes and Moniezia sp. were found in the organic farms. In cows of the conventional farm, we found Eimeria, gastrointestinal nematodes, Moniezia sp. and trematodes: Fasciola hepatica and Paramphistomum sp. The average intensity of Eimeria sp. infection in cows by farming system was as follows: 71 OPG (oocysts per gram of feces) in the biodynamic farm, 57 OPG in the organic farm and 71 OPG in the conventional farm. The mean intensity of gastrointestinal parasites was 290 EPG (eggs per gram feces) in the biodynamic farm, 455 EPG in the organic farm, and 228 EPG in the conventional farm. The average Moniezia infection intensity in cows was 125 EPG, in the organic farm, and 50 EPG (eggs per gram feces), in the conventional farm. It is noteworthy that the intensity of gastrointestinal nematode infection of cows in the biodynamic farm was very low (290 EPG) despite a high prevalence of infection (67.42%). A similar situation though was found in the cows managed in the conventional way.
In the present study, the detection of difficult conceptions in dairy cows using selected data mining methods – na ve Bayes classifier (NBC) and regression and classifications trees (CART) is presented. The set of 11 diagnostic variables was used, which included, among others, number of lactation, artificial insemination (AI) season, age of inseminated cow, proportion of HF-genes in cow genotype, sex of calf from preceding calving, length of pregnancy, milk, protein and fat yield. Two conception classes were distinguished: the GOOD class, if a cow conceived after one or two AIs and the “POOR” class, if more than two AIs per conception were required. The models were characterized by capability of predicting the membership of conceptions to either class. Correctness of predictions was 83%. CART proved to be more precise in detecting conceptions of the POOR class (sensitivity) compared with predictions by NBC (P≤0.01). Specificity was similar for both classifiers (90% and 93%). Among the variables determining conception class, calving-to-conception interval, calving interval and the difference between the mean body condition and condition at AI were the most significant variables for CART. Utilization of these classifiers, particularly of CART, may help a breeder to appropriately prepare cows for AI, thus contributing to the improved financial results of a herd.
The research material consisted of 101 primiparous cows born from Chaloraise sires. Cows were divided into four genotype groups: 1) pure-bred Charolaise, 2) crossbreds with 75% Charolaise and 25% Black-and-White, 3) crossbreds with 50% Charolaise and 50% Black-and- -White, 4) crossbreds with 50% Charolaise and 50% Simmental.An analysis of the body weight of primiparous cows and calves at weaning was performed. The measurements of the height at withers, hip height and chest girth were taken and the assessment of conformation, size and production traits was carried out. The crossbred cows obtained results similar to or somewhat worse than those for the pure-bred Charolaise cows. The obtained results indicate that cows crossbred with Black-and-White breed are a very good material for the production of beef calves with the fattening traits similar to those of the beef breed used for absorptive crossing or the crossbred cows of pure beef breeds.
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