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Atmospheric air samples for bacteriological assays were collected by the sedimentation and impaction methods. The samples were used for quantification of psychrotrophic and mesophilous bacteria in atmospheric air in the centre of Olsztyn and in Kortowo, a suburb of the town. It was found that counts of microorganisms were much higher when air was sampled by the sedimentation method rather than the impaction one. Besides, it was demonstrated that the determined groups of bacteria were more numerous in summer (July, August) than in the other months. Higher bacteriological contamination was determined at the three sampling sites in the centre of Olszyn than at the control site in a forest by Kortowskie Lake, in Kortowo.
Both strains of analysed bacteria, present in natural lake water, altered the generation time depending on the concentration of the herbicide ROUNDUP 360 SL as well as the temperature and reaction of the aqueous environment. The generation time of Aeromonas hydrophila ranged from 2.3 to 83.8 hours, whereas that of Pseudomonas fluorescens varied from 1.6 to 91.2 h. The herbicide ROUNDUP 360 SL and the environmental factors (pH and temperature) did not affect significantly the length of the generation time of Aeromonas hydrophila. On the other hand, the water reaction (pH) and temperature as well as the interaction of these two parameters produced a statistically significant effect on the generation time of Pseudomonas fluorescens.
A study has been completed on the effect caused by different doses of the herbicide ROUNDUP 360 SL (active substance – glyphosate) in lake water which differed in reaction (pH: 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0) on fluctuations in counts of several bacteria (TVC 22°C and TVC 37°C, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, coliform group bacteria) and fungi during 28-day-long exposure of samples to temperature of 20°C. All the assayed groups of bacteria changed their counts during the 28 days of the experiment. The modifications were correlated to rates of the herbicide applied, pH of the environment and time of exposure. TVC 22°C and TVC 37°C degraded the herbicide most intensively after 7 days at the concentration of the active substance 0.005 μg dm-3 and after 21 days at 5000 μg dm-3 in lake water of the pH 7.0 and 8.0. Bacteria belonging to the genus Aeromonas responded in a similar way, whereas those of the genus Pseudomonas were less active. The widest range of quantitative changes was observed in the case of coliform bacteria, which reached the maximum number after 7 days of exposure. Fungi degraded the herbicide ROUNDUP 360 SL after 21 days of sample exposure, using it as a nutrient substrate. The most intensive degradation occurred in water of the pH 7.0 and 8.0.
The article presents mycological studies on atmospheric air sampled by the sedimentation and impaction methods in the centre and in a recreational area of the town of Olsztyn. The results of our two-year-long study showed variable quantities of fungal microflora in atmospheric air at the sites selected for the research. The fluctuations depended on the location of a sampling site, season of the year, air temperature and atmospheric pressure.
Temperature is a factor which affects microbiological quality of feeds during their storage. Three storage temperatures of the feeds for fish were taken into account in this study: -11°C, 5°C and 20°C. Analyses comprised the survival of proteolytic, ammonifying, psychrophilic and mesophilic bacteria as well as fungi. It was found that after 72-day storage of fish feed at the three temperatures, fungi showed the highest survival (56% - 80%). As regards the four physiological groups of bacteria, the highest survival was observed for mesophilic bacteria (6.25% - 9.58%), followed by psychrophilic ones (2.5 - 3.25%) and ammonifiers (0.07 - 0.11%), while proteolytic bacteria showed the lowest survival (0%). No live cells of the latter bacteria were observed after 64-day storage of the feed at -11 and 5°C, and after 72-day storage at 20°C.
The investigation was carried out in the “Seven Islands” nature reserve. It has been discovered that in the spring, summer and autumn the number of determined pollution degree indicator bacteria (TVC 22°C and TVC 37°C) of the water of Lake Oświn ranged from tens to thousands of CFU per 1 ml, depending on the research station. The sanitary state indicator bacteria (TC, FC, FS) occurred from single cells to several hundred thousand cells per 100 ml of water. In 36.5% of the lake water samples, the FC:FS ratio was determined as higher than 4.0, but it also ranged from 0.7 to 4.0. In 18% of Lake Oświn water samples it ranged from 0.043 to 0.7, and in 9% it was lower than 0.043. This proves excretal contamination with prevailing excrements of human origin.
Studies were carried out on the survival of six strains of bacteria: Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus in fish feeds stored for 72 days in -11°C, 5°C and 20°C. On the last day of the study live cells of all bacterial strains were found in the feed stored in -11°C, of three strains in 5°C and two in 20°C. Two strains, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus survived throughout the whole storage period in all three temperatures.
Mycological analyses were carried out on air samples collected with the sedimentation and impactor methods. Fungi were assayed in atmospheric air sampled in the city centre of Olsztyn and in the forest at Lake Kortowskie. The experiment aimed at evaluating the contamination of atmospheric air with fungal microflora in the city centre of Olsztyn (3 stations) and in the forest at Lake Kortowskie (one station), collected with the sedimentation and impactor methods. Differentiated population numbers of fungi, reported in the atmospheric air of the city of Olsztyn, appeared to depend, to a great extent, on meteorological conditions.
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