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As a result of a bryological exploration carried out in 2009 within the Kocioł Małego Stawu glacial cirque a number of 90 moss species was recorded. Together with fragmentary notes collected in 1999, 2003 and 2007 the contemporary moss flora concerns 105 species (the list of mosses with a brief description of habitats is provided). 88% of them (92 species) were noted on no more than 25% of the plots (with 32 found exclusively once) and only 13 species were noted more frequently. The latter are widespread within the whole range of altitude and exposition as well as in the majority of plant communities what makes bryophyte vegetation in the glacial cirque rather monotonous in appearance. Species recorded showed visible substrata specialization: 80 taxa (76% including 32 sporadic species) occurred only on one type of substratum. Rocks and boulders appeared to be the richest in the number of species 34 species (with 28 occurring exclusively on this substratum) and coniferous litter and rotten leaves of grasses and ferns 24 species (17 exclusive). Three plant communities were the richest in species: high subalpine grasslands of Crepido-Calamagrostietum villosae community 48, spruce forest of Piceetum hercynicum community 41 and dwarf-pine thickets Pinetum mugo sudeticum community 40. The number of species noted in other plant communities was less than 30. The richest in species phytocoenoses occupied the most area within the glacial cirque and they showed rather high floristic similarity. The comparison of bryo-floristic data from two periods: 18691998 and 1999 2009, showed essential changes in species richness and composition the list of mosses increased by 69 taxa but 50% of the previously reported flora was not refound. The most of species reported for the first time at the beginning of the 21th century were noted in the Karkonosze Mts just in the 19th century on the natural sites. Synanthropization process manifesting in appearance of hemerophilous species, not occurring naturally in the Karkonosze Mts, is limited to the surroundings of the Schronisko Samotnia chalet and strictly associated with mortar or concrete usage. Ruderal species were not observed in other parts of the glacial cirque. It suggests that tourist usage of the area has not influenced on floristic composition of the Kocioł Małego Stawu glacial cirques moss layer.
Bryophytes of parks and cemeteries of Cracow. Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica Polonica 11(2): 337–353. Kraków. PL ISSN 1640-629X. ABSTRACT: The paper presents a list of stations of 82 bryophyte species found in 15 town parks and 9 cemeteries situated within administrative borders of Cracow, with short descriptions of colonized substrata and relative frequency in both biotope types. Worthy to mention is occurrence of neophyte liverwort Lunularia cruciata in one park and one cemetery as well as some calciphilous mosses not reported so far from Polish cities and towns: Mnium stellare, Encalypta streptocarpa and Fissidens cristatus var. mucronatus. Species richness and composition of the individual sites studied bryofloras are compared to define factors influencing bryophyte species richness in these biotope types.
Based on results of the bryofloristic investigations carried out in 2006 along tourist roads and around mountain chalets the problem of bryophyte response to the tourist utilization of the summit region of Karkonosze Mts is discussed here. The hypothesis that introduction of cement as building material might have caused the income and spread of subneutral or basiphilous ruderal species in that naturally acidic region was formulated and tested. In result 45 species were found, of which the majority do not occur in natural sites in the Karkonosze Mts. Among them 20 species are convinced to be highly hemerophilous. Most of the found species were eurytopic, only 14 prefered subneutral or basic substrata. Many of them produced sporogonia, what indicates high reproduction potential. It seems that the phenomenon of synanthropisation is limited mainly to places in which cement (as mortar or concrete) has been used. The list of bryophytes found around all the anthropogenic sites and along the tourist roads in the summit region of Polish part of the massif with brief characteristics of their ecological preferences has been included.
Floristic and ecological data was collected three times (in 2000, 2006 and 2011) in fifteen urban parks in Wrocław. Results were compared to determine whether bryophytes can survive in urban environments, or whether they die off because of the constant pressure of urbanization. Other questions examined include whether bryophytes remain in the same habitats, or whether they change their spatial distribution; and whether new species appear, and what is their ecology? During the eleven year study period, there were only minor fluctuations in the number of bryophytic species present, with 64 species detected in 2000, 69 species in 2006, and 65 species in 2011. There were notable changes in species composition. The average level of species exchange was 27%, but was 48% in parks in the center of the city. During the study period, 13 new species were found that had not been found in 2000. They were mainly epiphytes. Species that were found throughout the study period showed distinct dynamic trends: no noticeable changes in the number of parks on which the species was found, or in the number of notes; translocation among the various parks with no tendency to colonize; disappearance of the species; and spreading, both within the individual parks and within the whole city.
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