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Polish food industry requires the pro-expert dynamization. Current ties with international markets are not only insufficient in the light of integrational requirements of the European Union but also can constitute a barrier preventing the overall development of Polish economy. The paper presents possibilities of increasing Polish agricultural production competitiveness, means to overcome the restrictions and remove development barriers, means to acquire a better hold of international markets as well as the participation in foreign investments and cooperation.
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Ekonomia a rozwoj nauk rolniczych

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The basic relationship occurring between agricultural and economic sciences related to the recent period of Poland's economic development and shaping of development circumstances and agricultural prospects, food and rural economics in Poland were discussed. Relationships between economics and agricultural sciences were presented in four aspects: - general theory of economics and agricultural sciences; - agricultural economics and its place in agricultural sciences; - economics of agricultural sciences: expenditures-effects; - institutional economics of agricultural sciences and its functions. In connection to this the outlays of development way of the world's agriculture were defined according to statistical World Bank data, the idea of agricultural economics (economics of agriculture) and its relations with other scientific disciplines was determined; the discussion that is currently going on the conditions and development needs of agricultural sciences in Poland and integration concept of these sciences followed by the American experience (G.L. Johnson and team) were also presented.
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Evolution of contemporary agriculture indicates the need of integral shaping of agricultural and food economy, forestry and the development of rural areas. New conditions of the social and economic development of Poland change the role of agricultural economics and forestry, family farms undergo production and income evolution (process of concentration), and changes taking place in utilization of agricultural land create a new opportunity for development of the forestry. The paper defined the changes in importance of land as a factor of agricultural production, appearance of big areas of non utilized land (idle lands, fallows), the possibilities of forest utilization of this land (enforestation) and agricultural-forestry utilization of the land (agriforestation).
The process by which Poland's agriculture and rural areas arc adapting to and moving towards the European Union denotes the onset of adjustment processes and changes that will determine their development in the coming decades. From this point of view it is possible to perceive chances, challenges and threats. The chances for development comprise the opportunities for: an acceleration of the country's economic development, growth in the production and export of agri-cultural produce and food, the restructuring of agriculture, funding, the benefits of an evening-up of prices and enhanced use of productive potential, changes in the scale of production, regional development, a shift in output to eastern areas of the EU, migration, education, research and the dissemination of knowledge. The challenges and hopes associated with integration relate to the chances for change in agrarian structure and the scale of production, while the challenges concern costs, the quality of output, competitiveness on domestic and foreign markets, the household economy, excesses of productive potential, development and rural areas, etc. The threats and limitations concerning rural areas and agriculture relate to the market, the competition of market forces, the choice of interventionism versus market liberalism, dilemmas relating to production, foreign trade and foreign competition, the income barriers in agriculture, own costs, the possibility that the country will be marginalised, the possibility of changes in the Common Agricultural Policy, restrictions 011 economic relationships with countries outside the EU. concepts for the repatriation of agricultural policy, negotiation threats, etc.
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Kierunki rozwoju przedsiebiorstw rolniczych w USA

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Changes that take place in the entire national economy of the US as well as globalization process influence very strongly American agriculture. This paper presents the US farming system, condition and typology of the family farms, the structural transformation and the development and economics of the family farms as well as the evolution from agriculture to agribusiness. The US agriculture is treated as an example of the agriculture and agricultural enterprises of the highest development level.
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