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The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of different inclusion levels of meal (NSM) on growth performance, carcass yield and blood lipid profile of 300 unsexed one-week old Japanese quails. The experimental diets contained four levels of NSM replacing 0 (control), 20, 30 and 40% of soyabean meal (SBM) in growing Japanese quail diets. Live body weight was linearly ( = 0.017) and quadratically ( = 0.024) increased at week 3 of age and only quadratically ( > 0.001) at week 6 of age due to 30% SBM substitution. Birds fed diets with 20 and 30% SBM replaced by NSM consumed more feed in comparison with other animals during 3-6 and 1-6 week of age. The substitution of 20% SBM for the same percent of NSM resulted in a significant ( < 0.001) linear increase in both dressing and carcass percentages in comparison with the control and other treatment groups, giblets yield was also significantly (linearly = 0.011 and quadratically = 0.021) affected. A gradual reduction in serum total lipids, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol was observed along with the increasing level of NSM in the diet, except HDL which was elevated when 40% of SBM was replaced. It could be concluded that NSM could partially replace SBM up to 30% in growing Japanese quail diets without any harmful hazards regarding performance, feed utilization and carcass traits. Moreover, the blood lipid parameters are decreased with increasing NSM content in the diet.
As a renewable energy source, microalgae have wide interest as a potential tool to produce biofuel and bioproducts. Prevailing in the local habitat, indigenous microalgae are more successful for wastewater treatment processes. Integrated microalgae-based biofuel and bioproduct production with wastewater treatment is a successful practice of modern research. This report describes the isolation and identification of 61 microalgal strains from lakes, springs, ponds, creeks, and rivers of the gigantic area of Malakand, Pakistan. Our study involves the seasonal existence of Chlorophyta in the area, with most dominant flora identified in the summer season followed by spring, autumn, and winter seasons, respectively. The highest ratio of microalgae was found in stagnant waters followed by slow-running water and running water, respectively. However, algal species were reported from all water bodies throughout the year. Commercially important genera like Chlorella, Scenedesmus, and Chlamydomonas were also reported, attracting the research area for further analysis regarding biofuel, bioproduct production, and simultaneous wastewater treatment.
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