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Non-parasitic phase of ticks is the most critical period of their life cycle. During of host period the ticks must maintain the water homeostasis and must find a host for feeding. Body water homeostasis is one of the most important processes that influences tick survival in nature and transmission of pathogens. Structure of intergument, particularly the waxy lipids in the epicuticle, and structure of peritremes restrict the loss of water from tick body. The water lossesmay be compensated by uptake of water vapour from the atmosphere. The critical equilibrium humidity of tick species of Ixodidae family range from 70 to 96% r.h. During non-feeding period, behaviour of ticks contributes to the maintenance of body water. The ticks aviod the microhabitats where loss of water may be accelerated.
Various kinds of morphological anomalies, i.e. general (the changes in the shape and the asymmetry of body, the duplication of body, the nanism, the gigantism and the gynandromorphism), and local (oligomely, atrophy, polimely, heterosymely, symely, schistomely, ectomely, heteromorphose, disturbances in the structure of leg segments, cyclopy) occur in Ixodida The anomalies within taxonomically important structures make the determination of tick species difficult or even impossible. Therefore, the anomalies deforming systematic features of different instars from Argasidae and Ixodidae families were first of all taken into account.
Fecundity and reproductive activity of 179 females of Argas (A.) reflexus in laboratory conditions, i.e. at temperature 23 ± 1°C and 75% of relative humidity were observed. Under these conditions reproduction activity of females fed in spring lasted since March till August. However, most of females (63.0-91.8%) laid eggs in June and July. Disturbances in egg-laying process of Argas (A.) reflexus females fed in abnormal time, i.e., in autumn and kept in laboratory conditions, were stated. These females were active since December till July (maximum activity was observed in February-34.3% and March-40.0%). Preoviposition and oviposition periods were observed in this study, too.
Taxonomically important morphological features in larvae, females and males of Argas (A.) reflexus collected from the vicinity of pigeon nests in Katowice (Upper Silesia) were investigated. Medical and veterinary importance, and control against this parasite were described, too.
The most cases of abnormal hatch larvae (40.2%) of A. reflexus were in relative humidity 90% and temperature 25°C; the least (0-2.8%) - at the low relative humidity levels (10 and 30%) in all examined temperatures of experiments. The rise of relative humidity caused the greater number of the disturbances of hatch larvae. The most often inseparation of intergument eggs from body of larvae was observed, what made impossible normal formation of legs and made difficult locomotive faculty.
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