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  1. 3 Folia Morphologica

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  1. 3 Benninger B.

  2. 2 Delamarter T.

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  1. 3 2013

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1

Splenomesenteric vein: formally recognising a clinically relevant section of the portal venous drainage system

100%
Benninger B.
Folia Morphologica
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2013
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tom 72
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nr 1
Background and aims: The objective of this study was to identify and examine a common vein in the portal system that is not consistently named, and when named, to assess whether fundamental concepts were applied in the process of naming. Essentially, the portal venous system drains 3 regions of the gastrointestinal system into 3 major veins (superior mesenteric — SMV, splenic — SV, and inferior mesenteric — IMV) ultimately forming the portal vein (PV). The SMV is formed from midgut veins generally representing the right side of the abdomen. The IMV is formed from hindgut veins generally representing the left side of the lower abdomen and pelvis, classically draining into the SV. The SV is formed from the foregut veins and generally accepts the IMV. The SV then joins the superior mesenteric vein to become the PV. Materials and methods: Sixty cadavers were dissected to observe the frequency of this morphology. Current anatomy and atlas texts were reviewed to identify the morphology and nomenclature. Results: Observations from this study identified a vein being formed from the convergence of the SV and IMV the author named “splenomesenteric vein”, which joins the superior mesenteric to form the PV. Conclusions: These findings suggest re-evaluating the morphology and nomenclature of this structure because of the pathology and clinical relevance of this area. (Folia Morphol 2013; 72, 1: 63–66)
2

Anatomical factors causing oedema of the lower limb during pregnancy

63%
Benninger B., Delamarter T.
Folia Morphologica
|
2013
|
tom 72
|
nr 1
Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the morphology of the common iliac artery and vein (CIA&V) comparing right and left sides in females versus males. Pregnant women favour lying on one side at rest and during sleep. The reason for this may be due to the morphology and orientation between the CIA&V. Virtually all women during their pregnancy suffer from lower limb swelling. This study provides an anatomical explanation for the propensity to lie consistently on one side, for lower limb swelling, and offers prevention measures. Materials and methods: A literature search was conducted on anatomical texts, atlases, journals, and websites regarding the morphology and orientation of the right and left CIA&V, lower limb oedema, and sleeping positions during pregnancy. Measurements from 15 dissected cadavers were conducted on the right and left CIA&V. Results: The literature search revealed very limited studies on the morphology and orientation of the right and left CIA&V with no studies relating this orientation to lower limb oedema or sleeping positions during pregnancy. Cadaver dissection revealed a relatively direct anterior to posterior orientation left CIA&V and an oblique lateral to medial right CIA&V. Conclusions: This study suggests an explanation of why women lie on their left side when resting and sleeping during the third trimester due to the clinically relevant anatomy between the CIA&V. (Folia Morphol 2013; 72, 1: 67–71)
3

Distal semimembranosus muscle - tendon - unit review: morphology, accurate terminology, and clinical relevance

63%
Benninger B., Delamarter T.
Folia Morphologica
|
2013
|
tom 72
|
nr 1
Background: Our knowledge of the stability of the posteromedial knee is evolving. The distal semimembranosus is an important posteromedial stabilizer of the knee. Current anatomical texts and atlases do not accurately detail the distal insertion. Journal literature commonly mentions multiple distal insertions, one of which contributes to the oblique popliteal ligament. The purpose of this study was to review the literature, current morphology, terminology, and clinical relevance of the distal semimembranosus muscle-tendon-unit (SMTU), and suggest alternative nomenclature. Materials and methods: A literature search was conducted on anatomical and clinical texts, atlases, journals, and websites to analyse the distal morphology of the semimembranosus muscle. Deep dissections were performed on 31 embalmed cadavers, 56 knees in total (27 right and 29 left), identifying the distal semimembranosus tendon morphology. Results: The literature search revealed significantly inconsistent morphology of the distal SMTU. Cadaver dissection revealed a consistent trifurcation with three dominant expansions. Cadaver dissection also revealed an oblique popliteal tendon/expansion, indigenous to the SMTU, not a ligament. Conclusions: This study provides evidence of a consistent morphology and suggests a more precise nomenclature of the distal SMTU, which includes renaming the oblique popliteal ligament as the oblique popliteal tendon/expansion. (Folia Morphol 2013; 72, 1: 1–9)
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