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Systemic transformation taking place in Poland for many years now, have included all fields of the economy. It is particularly visible on the level of society education. The implemented reform of education system introduced thorough structural and curricular changes. New subjects were introduced, such as nature, information and communication technologies, which refers to civilizational achievements. A school was entrusted with accomplishing a very important task of getting young people ready to live in a knowledge-based society, because knowledge and skills account today for the greatest treasure of societies. Ambitious tasks were entrusted also to the teachers. Adaptation to development of technology and application of digital devices in teaching subjects was one of these tasks. The aim of this article is to define the influence of education transformation on improving key competence in geography teaching. Presentation of the results of the conducted research concerning level of application of new technologies in schools, diversity of curricula and teachers' approach to new technologies in geography teaching with awareness of very high informatics competence of the contemporary students was a mean to achieve this goal. Also methodical and substantial solutions improving teachers' qualifications are proposed. Significant questions arise: is e-school, development of which has been observed in the recent years, going to raise effectiveness of education? And is a contemporary teacher - follower of constructivism - applying various teaching methods going to facilitate development of particular key competence of 21st century?
W procesie kształcenia stosuje się różnorodne rozwiązania dydaktyczne, metody i techniki nauczania, a wszystko to w celu uzyskania jak najlepszego efektu, czyli sensownej i rzetelnej wiedzy geograficznej oraz kształcenia umiejętności. Stałym dylematem nauczania jest wybór odpowiednich sposobów zaprezentowania i wyjaśniania treści stanowiących kanon geografii Polski. Aby sprostać celom, proponuje się poster, zwany także plakatem naukowym. Poster jest graficznym przedstawieniem własnych badań czy też poszukiwań różnorodnych wiadomości, wykorzystującym tekst i obraz. Służyć może zaprezentowaniu różnorodnych zagadnień dotyczących zarówno elementów środowiska geograficznego, jak i działalności człowieka w ujęciu regionalnym, a także odnośnie do całego obszaru Polski.
Young people, regardless of their social environment, place of residence or work, are looking for values and key competencies that enable achieving goals in life. Therefore, an appropriate education system is important, which in the conditions of changing reality will meet these requirements effectively. The contemporary employer is interested in four groups of key competencies, such as intellectual, professional, personal and interpersonal. Geography is a field with great potential for the development of various competencies. In this context, questions about adjusting geographical education to the expectations of employers are justified. Therefore, the aim of the study is to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the current development of competencies and qualifications at the geography speciality of the Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland. The reference points included a report on research carried out among 200 employers in 2012, as well as surveys among students graduating from master‘s studies on the assessment of the level of their competencies and qualifications. It was determined that the strength of the current geographical education at the faculty is to prepare mainly specialists with broad general and professional knowledge, and high self-esteem in terms of cooperation in the group and communication. The area of development for the geographical education are intellectual competencies, above all independent thinking and prioritising. The last year geography students fall out the most in terms of personal competencies. The authors suggest building students‘ awareness because, as the above results show, they are not fully aware of what expectations they may face in the labour market. It is worth modifying the study program so as to put more emphasis on soft competencies and support the development of various forms of extra activities of students. Attention was also paid to the importance of didactic competencies, which on the one hand raise the self-esteem of students, and on the other, increase the chance of finding a good job. An interesting aspect of the research is the wide spectrum of professions in which students work. This reflects their diverse skills, including spatial thinking. Combined with increasing attention paid to the issues related to the natural environment and sustainable development, graduates of geography have a strong position to enter the current labour market. The advantage of geographers is the use of modern technologies. Unfortunately, however, the results of the research presented above, both among Polish students and internationally, indicate insufficient skills in the use of modern technologies by students of geography.
The aim of the experiment was to determine the impact adding a vitamin-mineral supplement to feed had on selected rearing indexes of juvenile common whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) during rearing in a recirculating system. The study material comprised juvenile common whitefish aged 4 months with an initial body weight of 5.2 g and body length of 7.6 cm. During the experiment, the feed applied was extruded juvenile feed T - 1.5 Nutra MP Trouv (France). The experiment comprised two dietary treatments: group K (feed without a supplement) and group M (feed with a vitamin-mineral supplement). The feed supplement used was the MIK 1 mixture (Mikita, Lublin-Zemborzyce). The quantity added was 10% of the extruded feed. During the experiment, significant differences were noted in fish growth and the feed conversion coefficient (P < 0.05). Individuals with body deformities were noted during the experiment; the deformities manifested primarily as the shortening of the operculum and mouth anomalies. The number of these individuals differed in the two groups, and by the end of the experiment the number of individuals with body deformities in group K was significantly higher (13.8% of all fish) than in group M, in which such deformities were noted in just 1.3% of the fish (P < 0.01). Based on the results, it was concluded that through the application of the vitamin-mineral supplement higher biomass growth was attained, feed conversion was better, and the number of fish with body deformities was lower. Thanks to this, the rearing results of juvenile common whitefish in recirculating systems was more effective.
The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the growth and survival of larval Atlantic sturgeon fed microworms (Panagrellus sp.) and brine shrimp nauplii (Artemia sp.). The experiment was conducted at the Department of Sturgeon Breeding in Pieczarki of the Inland Fisheries Institute in Olsztyn. The experimental material comprised larval Atlantic sturgeon 22 days post hatch that were already feeding. The fish were stocked into nine tanks with a volume of 40 l each that were included in a recirculation system. The fish were divided into three experimental groups: group A was fed brine shrimp nauplii; group A+N was fed brine shrimp nauplii and microworms; group N was fed microworms. The fish from the group fed only brine shrimp nauplii attained the greatest body growth (0.068 g) and the highest survival (43.3%). Fish from group A+N, which received mixed feed, attained similar results for both growth and survival to that in group A (0.061 g and 33%). Differences between these two groups were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). The weakest results were obtained for the group fed only microworms. The fish from this group had a final body weight of 0.045 g and survival of 1.7%. The differences in these parameters among the groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The current experiment permits concluding that, at the moment, feeding microworms exclusively does not produce the anticipated results. Brine shrimp nauplii was a substantially better feed choice for larval Atlantic sturgeon. However, in both instances, further experiments must be performed before the precise daily ration or the manner in which the ration is divided over the day is determined. This information could improve the results of rearing substantially.
The aim of the study was to determine what impact feeding juvenile common whitefish, Coregonus lavaretus (L.), different feed rations had on rearing indexes and oxygen consumption during culture in recirculation systems. Three feeding treatments were applied: 2% (group L), 3% (group M), 4% (group H) of fish biomass. The final juvenile common whitefish weight increased with increasing daily feed rations. Fish from group H (largest feed ration) had statistically significantly (P < 0.05) higher body weights (50.3 g) and higher feed conversion ratios (1.14) than did the fish in the other two groups. However, the lowest oxygen consumption (192.9 mg O2 kg-1 h-1) was noted in group L (smallest feed ration). The results of the experiment indicated that the size of the daily feed ration has a significant impact on the rearing results and oxygen requirements of juvenile common whitefish. The optimum daily feed ration for juvenile whitefish weighing 10-45 g and at a water temperature of 18.0°C is 3% of the stocking density.
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