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1

Alleviation of salinity-induced perturbations in ionic and hormonal concentrations in spring wheat through seed preconditioning in synthetic auxins

100%
Iqbal M., Ashraf M.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2013
|
tom 35
|
nr 04
The experiments were conducted to examine the effects of seed priming in solutions (100, 150 and 200 mg L-1) of different synthetic auxins, i.e., 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on growth, grain yield, gaseous exchange characteristics, ionic and hormonal concentrations in two spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars MH-97 (salt intolerant) and Inqlab-91 (salt tolerant). The primed (soaked for 12 h) and non-primed seeds were sown in Petri plates in a growth room as well as in a field treated with 150 mM NaCl. Generally, all synthetic auxins did not increase germination percentage and rate in both cultivars when compared with hydropriming (control), and even decreased these attributes when applied at higher concentrations (200 mg L-1). Nonetheless, under salt stress, NAA (150 mg L-1) was most effective in increasing seedling shoot dry weight, fertile tillers per plant, number of grains per ear and grain yield in both cultivars. The plants raised from seed treated with NAA (150 mg L-1) had lower shoot [Na+] in the salt intolerant cultivar. Moreover, NAA treatment improved root [Ca2+] in both cultivars. Priming agents affected leaf free indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentrations differently in both cultivars. Treatment with NAA (150 mg L-1) lowered leaf free abscisic acid (ABA) and putrescine (Put) concentrations and raised salicylic acid (SA) and spermidine (Spd) concentrations in the salt intolerant cultivar. In conclusion, pre-treatment with NAA (150 mg L-1) showed consistent promotive effects on growth and grain yield in the two cultivars, which were partially attributed to the beneficial effects of NAA-priming on ionic and hormonal homeostasis under salt stress.
2

Effect of potassium deficiency on growth and some biochemical characteristics in two lines of lentil [Lens culinaris Medic.]

100%
Ashraf M., Zafar Z. U.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
1997
|
tom 19
|
nr 1
The effect of low potassium regimes on two lines, ILL 6796 (salt-tolcrant) and ILL 6439 (salt-sensitive), of lentil (Lens culinaris) was studied in a pot experiment under glasshouse conditions. Plants of the two lines were treated with 78, 39, 19.5, and 9.75 mg K·L⁻¹ in Rorison’s nutrient solution. ILL 6796 excelled ILL 6439 in biomass production under varying K regimes. Of the various organic solutes measured in the present study only total soluble sugars proved to be helpful in discriminating the lines, i.e., total sugars increased consistently in ILL 6796 with a decrease in K level of the growth medium, whereas in ILL 6439 they decreased significantly with a decrease in K levels. ILL 6796 showing high efficiency for K utilisation (high shoot growth) could be of great economic value in terms of its use in soils deficient in K.
3

Responses of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive lines of safflower [Carthamus tinctorius L.] to salt stress

100%
Ashraf M., Fatima H.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
1995
|
tom 17
|
nr 1
4

Inducing salt tolerance in maize [Zea mays L.] through seed priming with chloride salts: growth and ion transport at early growth stages

100%
Ashraf M., Rauf H.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2001
|
tom 23
|
nr 4
5

Transport and accumulation of ions in two spring wheat lines differing in salt tolerance

100%
Ashraf M., Khanum A.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2000
|
tom 22
|
nr 2
6

Effect of varying Na-Ca ratios in saline sand culture on some physiological parameters of four Brassica species

100%
Ashraf M., Naqvi M. I.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
1992
|
tom 14
|
nr 4
7

Impact of exogenously applied tocopherol on some key physio-biochemical and yield attributes in mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] under limited irrigation regimes

81%
Sadiq M., Akram N. A., Ashraf M.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2018
|
tom 40
|
nr 07
8

Trehalose pretreatment induces drought tolerance in radish (Raphanus sativus L.) plants: some key physio-biochemical traits

81%
Akram N. A., Waseem M., Ameen R., Ashraf M.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2016
|
tom 38
|
nr 01
9

Anatomical and physiological characteristics relating to ionic relations in some salt tolerant grasses from the Salt Range, Pakistan

81%
Hameed M., Ashraf M., Naz N.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2011
|
tom 33
|
nr 4
Populations of three salt tolerant forage grasses (Cynodon dactylon, Imperata cylindrica, and Sporobolus arabicus) were collected from the salt-affected soils of the Salt Range and normal non-saline soils of the Faisalabad region to assess their mechanism of adaptation to saline stress by determining ion relations and some specific anatomical modifications. The population of S. arabicus from the Salt Range showed increased growth (root and shoot length, and root and shoot dry weights) under saline conditions. Salt tolerance in this species was related to structural modifications such as increased area of root, stem, leaf blade, and leaf sheath for toxic ion accumulation, increased vesicular hair density in leaves and aerenchyma formation in leaf sheath for ion exclusion. Uptake of toxic ions was high in the Salt Range population of C. dactylon and salt tolerance was related to ion exclusion through specific leaf structural modifications such as vesicular hairs. Salt tolerance in the Salt Range population of I. cylindrica was mainly associated with restricted uptake of toxic Na⁺ and Cl⁻ at root level, and accumulation of toxic ions via increased succulence in leaf blades and leaf sheaths in addition to some excretion of toxic ions through leaf sheath aerenchyma.
10

Synergistic effects of drought and ascorbic acid on growth, mineral nutrients and oxidative defense system in canola (Brassica napus L.) plants

81%
Shafiq S., Akram A., Ashraf M., Arshad A.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2014
|
tom 36
|
nr 06
A study was conducted to find out the role of ascorbic acid (AsA) in modulating growth and different physio-biochemical attributes of canola plants under well-watered as well as water-deficit conditions. Drought stress imposed on 60 % field capacity significantly decreased the shoot and root fresh and dry weights, leaf chlorophyll contents, shoot and root P, root K+, and activity of CAT enzyme, while increased chlorophyll a/b contents, MDA, NPQ, leaf total phenolics, free proline and GB contents in both canola cultivars. Foliar-applied varying levels (50, 100 and 150 mg L⁻¹) of AsA enhanced shoot and root fresh and root dry weights, qN, NPQ, shoot and root P, AsA as well as the activity of POD enzyme particularly under drought stress conditions. Of both canola cultivars, cv. Dunkeld was higher in shoot fresh weights, ETR and Fᵥ/Fₘ, MDA, proline and GB contents, and POD activity, however, cv. Cyclone in total phenolics and qN under well-watered and water-deficit conditions. Overall, the foliar-applied AsA had a positive effect, though not marked, on salt sensitive cv. Cyclone in terms of improved growth and other attributes, whereas exogenously applied AsA had a non-significant effect on relatively salt tolerant cv. Dunkeld.
11

Water relations, gas exchange characteristics, and the level of some metabolites in two cultivars of spring wheat under different N regimes

81%
Ashraf M., Arfan M., Ashraf M. Y.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2002
|
tom 24
|
nr 4
12

Geographic patterns of diversity of cultivated lentil germplasm collected from Pakistan, as assessed by seed protein assays

81%
Sultana T., Ghafoor A., Ashraf M.
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica
|
2006
|
tom 48
|
nr 1
Seed protein profiles were studied in 144 lentil accessions intensively collected from all over Pakistan. Heterogeneous populations were isolated on the basis of SDS-PAGE, and 13 polymorphic protein peptides were found, representing almost all the variation reported so far in lentil. The low diversity of accessions from the Northern Area and North Western Frontier Province, the most geographically diverse areas, suggested the need for more exploration so that the maximum genetic diversity of the areas can be truly represented. Clusters based on agro-ecological zones did not prove adequate for evaluation of lentil resources, whereas 63 of 108 accessions (58.3%) were grouped together by altitude and provincial distribution. The study confirmed the wealth of phenotypic divergence in the local lentil. A small sample of accessions from a particular region might not reflect the actual diversity within that region. Samples representing total diversity in particular countries or regions should be evaluated, so that a representative rather than a random set of accessions can be included in investigations of diversity on regional or continental scales. As Pakistan is in the vicinity of the centre of diversity of lentil, high variation of various parameters is expected, and that can be found only if a complete set of germplasm is studied.
13

Leaf structural modification for drought tolerance in some differentially adapted ecotypes of blue panic (Panicum antidotale Retz.)

71%
Hameed M., Batool S., Naz N., Nawaz T., Ashraf M.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2012
|
tom 34
|
nr 4
Some ecologically different ecotypes of Panicum antidotale Retz. were evaluated for drought tolerance in relation to growth parameters and leaf structural modifications. These ecotypes were adapted to normal nonstressed (agricultural field AF, and sludge of disposal channel SDC), drought-stressed (along roadside AR), salinity-stressed (forest plantation FP), waterlogging and salinity-stressed (inside disposal channel IDC), and drought plus salinity-stressed (barren area BA). On the basis of genetic variability in leaf structural modifications, each ecotype adopted specific strategies to tolerate the extremity of drought stress. The AF and SDC ecotypes relied on water conservation and survival rather than growth and structural modifications by developing epidermis and sclerenchyma on both leaf surfaces. The AR developed xerophytic foliar characteristics in addition to maintaining growth and development under stressed conditions like thick leaves, well-developed bulliform cells, and intensive sclerification. The FP ecotype developed efficient strategy for drought tolerance such as reduced and fibrous leaves, smaller metaxylem vessels, and highly developed bulliform cells. The ecotype IDC relied more on water conservation by increasing leaf epidermal thickness and decreasing stomatal area and density. The ecotype BA showed critical structural adaptations such as thin leaves, extremely developed bulliform and reduced metaxylem area, and parenchyma extensions above vascular bundles. Based on the strategies adopted for drought tolerance, the tolerance level of these ecotypes were rated as BA > AR > FP > IDC > SDC > AF.
14

Characterization of heavy metals in livestock manures

71%
Irshad M., Malik A. H., Shaukat S., Mushtaq S., Ashraf M.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2013
|
tom 22
|
nr 4
The use of animal waste for soil amendment is a viable option for waste management. For safe and sustainable management of waste, it is important to assess its chemical speciations. Therefore, an experiment was carried out to compare changes in heavy metals (HM) [cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb)] fractions in five types of livestock manures, namely cow, goat, sheep, chicken, and ostrich. The metals were stepwise fractionated into exchangeable, adsorbed, organically bound, carbonate-precipitated, and residual forms by extracting with 0.5 M KNO3, de-ionized water, 0.5 M NaOH, 0.05 M Na2 EDTA, and 4 M HNO3, respectively. Extractability of HM was found to be highly dependent upon the type of waste as well as extracting agent. Manures differed for the release of HM as chicken > ostrich > sheep > cow > goat. Extractions released HM in the order of Ni > Pb > Cd > Hg. For all metals, extracting agents differed in the order HNO3 > EDTA > NaOH > KNO3 > H2O, irrespective of the kind of manure. Carbon content in the poultry manure (both ostrich and chicken) was less than other animals. Poultry manure released more P than goat, sheep, and cow. Chicken manure got the highest pH (9.5) whereas cow manure had the lowest pH value (8.4). Among manures, EC was measured as goat > cow > sheep > ostrich > chicken.
15
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Agro-morphological characterization of Brassica rapa L. germplasm from Azad Jammu and Kashmir

71%
Ashraf M., Abbas S. R., Begum S., Gardezi S. D. A., Khan R. T.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Hortorum Cultus
|
2020
|
tom 19
|
nr 4
Brassica rapa is an important crop of Azad Jammu and Kashmir which is a major source of vegetable and oil. The study was carried out to evaluate the genetic diversity among Brassica rapa germplasm grown in Azad Jammu and Kashmir based on their morphological characters and yield. The present study was carried out in the field of National Institute of Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), NARC Islamabad from October 2017 to March 2018. The study showed great diversity among the germplasm for days to germination, primary branches, secondary branches, maturity, plant height, number of silique, seeds per silique, yield per plant and 1000 seed weight. The genotypes 026509, 026514 and 026548 showed maximum yield and other better morphological responses, so these genotypes should be used in future to enhance the production of this crop.
16

Foliage application and seed priming with nitric oxide causes mitigation of salinity-induced metabolic adversaries in broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) plants

61%
Akram N. A., Hafeez N., Farid-ul-Haq M., Ahmad A., Sadiq M., Ashraf M.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2020
|
tom 42
|
nr 10
17

Exogenous application of thiamin promotes growth and antioxidative defense system at initial phases of development in salt-stressed plants of two maize cultivars differing in salinity tolerance

61%
Kaya C., Ashraf M., Sonmez O., Tuna A. L., Polat T., Aydemir S.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2015
|
tom 37
|
nr 01
The effects of thiamin (Thi) applied as seed soaking or foliar spray on some key physiological parameters were investigated in two differentially saltresponsive maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars, DK 5783 and Apex 836 F1, exposed to saline stress in two different experiments. An initial experiment (germination experiment) was designed to identify appropriate doses of Thi which could lessen the deleterious effects of salt on plants and screen all available maize cultivars for their differential tolerance to salt stress (100 mM NaCl). The seeds of nine maize cultivars were soaked for 24 h in solutions containing six levels of Thi (25, 50, 75, 100, 125 and 150 mg l-1). Based on the results obtained from the germination experiment, maize cultivar DK 5783 was found to be the most salt tolerant and Apex 836 as the most sensitive cultivar. Also, of six Thi levels used, two levels (100 and 125 mg l-1) were chosen for subsequent studies. In the second experiment (glasshouse experiment), two maize cultivars, DK 5783 (salt tolerant) and Apex 836 (salt sensitive) were subjected to saline regime (100 mM NaCl) and two levels of Thi (100 and 125 mg l-1) applied as foliar spray. Salt stress markedly suppressed shoot and root dry mass, total chlorophylls (‘‘a’’ ? ‘‘b’’), leaf water potential and maximum fluorescence yield (Fv/Fm) in the plants of both maize cultivars, but it increased proline accumulation, leaf osmotic pressure, malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations, electrolyte leakage (EL) as well as activities of some key antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC. 1.15.1.1), peroxidase (POD; EC. 1.11.1.7) and catalase (CAT; EC. 1.11.1.6). Salt-induced reduction in plant growth parameters was higher in the salt-sensitive cultivar, Apex 836, which was found to be associated with relatively increased EL, and MDA and H2O2 levels, and decreased activities of the key antioxidant enzymes. Application of Thi as seed soaking or foliar spray partly mitigated the deleterious effects of salinity on plants of both maize cultivars. The most promising effect of Thi on alleviation of adverse effects of salt stress on maize plants was found when it was applied as foliar spray at 100 mg l-1. Thiamin application considerably reduced tissue Na? concentration, but improved those of N, P, Ca2? and K? in the salt-stressed maize plants. Exogenously applied thiamin-induced growth improvement in maize plants was found to be associated with reduced membrane permeability, MDA and H2O2 levels, and altered activities of some key antioxidant enzymes such as CAT, SOD and POD as well as increased photosynthetic pigment concentration under saline regime.
18

Salt-induced modulation in growth, photosynthetic capacity, proline content and ion accumulation in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

61%
Shahbaz M., Ashraf M., Akram N. A., Hanif A., Hameed S., Joham S., Rehman R.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2011
|
tom 33
|
nr 4
Salt-induced changes in growth, photosynthetic pigments, various gas exchange characteristics, relative membrane permeability (RMP), relative water content (RWC) and ion accumulation were examined in a greenhouse experiment on eight sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivars. Sunflower cultivars, namely Hysun-33, Hysun-38, M-3260, S-278, Alstar-Rm, Nstt-160, Mehran-II and Brocar were subjected to non-stress (0 mM NaCl) or salt stress (150 mM NaCl) in sand culture. On the basis of percent reduction in shoot biomass, cvs. Hysun-38 and Nstt-160 were found to be salt tolerant, cvs. Hysun-33, M- 3260, S-278 and Mehran-II moderately tolerant and Alstar- Rm and Brocar salt sensitive. Salt stress markedly reduced growth, different gas exchange characteristics such as photosynthetic rate (A), water-use efficiency (WUE) calculated as A/E, transpiration rate (E), internal CO₂ concentration (Ci) and stomatal conductance (gs) in all cultivars. The effect of 150 mM NaCl stress was non-significant on chlorophyll a and b contents, chlorophyll a/b ratio, RWC, RMP and leaf and root Cl⁻, K⁺ and P contents; however, salt stress markedly enhanced Ci/Ca ratio, free proline content and leaf and root Na⁺ concentrations in all sunflower cultivars. Of all cultivars, cv. Hysun-38 was higher in gas exchange characteristics, RWC and proline contents as compared with the other cultivars. Overall, none of the earlier-mentioned physiological attributes except leaf K⁺/Na⁺ ratio was found to be effective in discriminating the eight sunflower cultivars as the response of each cultivar to salt stress appraised using various physiological attributes was cultivar-specific.
19

Morpho-anatomical and physiological attributes for salt tolerance in sewan grass (Lasiurus scindicus Henr.) from Cholistan Desert, Pakistan

61%
Naz N., Rafique T., Hameed M., Ashraf M., Batool R., Fatima S.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2014
|
tom 36
|
nr 11
Three differently adapted populations of sewan grass (Lasiurus scindicus Henr.) were evaluated for structural and functional adaptations to high salinity. The habitats were Derawar Fort (DF, least saline, ECe 15.21), Bailahwala Dahar (BD, moderately saline, ECe 27.56 dS m⁻¹) and Ladam Sir (LS, highly saline, ECe 39.18 dS m⁻¹) from within the Cholistan Desert. The adaptive components of salt tolerance in sewan grass were assessed by determining various morpho–anatomical and physiological attributes. The degree of salt tolerance of all three ecotypes of L. scindicus from the saline habitats was compared in a controlled hydroponic system to evaluate the adaptive components that are expected to be genetically fixed during a long evolutionary process. Salinity tolerance in the most tolerant LS population relied on increased root length and total leaf area, restricted uptake of toxic Cl⁻, increased uptake of Ca²⁺, high excretion of Na⁺, accumulation of organic osmolytes, high water use efficiency, increased root, thicker leaf and cortical region, intensive sclerification, large metaxylem vessels, and dense pubescence on abaxial leaf surface. The BD population (from moderately saline soil) relied on high Ca²⁺ uptake, Na⁺ excretion, epidermal thickness, large cortical cells, thick endodermis and large vascular tissue. The DF population (from less saline soil) showed a significant decrease in all morphological characteristics; however, it accumulated organic osmolytes for its survival under high salinities. Structural modifications in all three populations were crucial for checking undue water loss under physiological stress that is caused by high amounts of soluble salts in the soil.
20

Morpho-anatomical and physiological adaptations to high altitude in some Aveneae grasses from Neelum Valley, Western Himalayan Kashmir

61%
Ahmad K. S., Hameed M., Fatima S., Ashraf M., Ahmad F., Naseer M., Akhtar N.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2016
|
tom 38
|
nr 04
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