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Testing carried out in 2010 included the determination of 103 compounds in 19 commodities. Samples for testing were collected from production plants by inspectors of District Veterinary Inspections. 151 samples were tested, of which 67.5% were cereals grain, 29.1% processed cereals and 3.3% processed oil seeds. Validated analytical multiresidue methods were used to determine many compounds at the same time, in compliance with legally binding standards and tested during international proficiency tests (FAPAS – The Food Analysis Performance Assessment Scheme, EU – European Union). The following analytical techniques were used: GC/ECD/NPD and GC/MS. The positive results were confirmed in compliance with European Commission regulations. In 15 samples tested (9.9%), only in samples of processed cereals (25.0%) and cereals grain (3.9%), pesticide residues were found. Residues of chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fenpropimorph, malathion, pirimiphos-methyl, tebuconazole were detected. Residues were present mostly in samples of wheat bran (75.0%) and oat bran (25.0%), and samples of rye grain (33.3%). Maximum residue levels (MRLs) exceedances were not found. One case (0.7%) of unauthorized plant protection product use was stated.
Testing carried out in 2009 included the determination of 94 compounds in 17 commodities. Samples for testing were collected from production plants by inspectors of District Veterinary Inspections. 153 samples were tested, of which 64.7% were cereals, 31.4% processed cereals and 3.9% processed oil seeds. Mainly validated analytical multiresidue methods were used to determine many compounds at the same time, in compliance with legally binding standards and tested during international proficiency tests (FAPAS, UE). The following analytical techniques were used: GC/ECD/NPD and GC/MS. The positive results were confirmed in compliance with European Commission regulations. In 12 samples tested, which consisted 7.8% of all analysed samples, the pesticide residues were detected. Among 94 compounds tested, 1 was determined mainly in samples of cereals (14.0%) and processed cereals (9.1%). The residues were found mostly in ground wheat samples (40,0%), sporadically in samples of wheat bran (11.1%) and wheat (11.1%). Any MRLs exceeding or unauthorized plant protection product use was not found in compliance European regulations.
In 2011, a total of 977 samples of domestic crops were tested in the official control of pesticide residues carried out by the Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute. The samples were taken randomly by the staff of Plant Health and Seed Inspection at production sites in the whole country. The monitoring programme covered 230 compounds and 38 products. 126 samples of fruit, 484 samples of vegetables, 346 samples of cereals and 21 samples belonging to other products groups were analysed. Residues of 43 compounds were detected in 21.7% of the samples. Violations of MRLs were found in 0.6% of analysed samples, while the unauthorised plant protection product use in 2.5% of samples tested. Pesticide residues were detected in 58.7% of fruit samples, 23.8% of vegetable samples and 4.9% of cereal samples and in 28.6% of other samples. They were found most often in samples of apples (60.5%), tomatoes (52.6%), sweet peppers (50.0%) and carrots (42.1%). Most of the residues detected in twenty five commodities were fungicides and insecticides, and their percentages from 335 findings were equal respectively to 63.9% and 32.5%. The most commonly found were residues of chlorothalonil in tomatoes (31.6%), chlorpyrifos in carrots (28.9%), prochloraz in mushrooms (26.1%), and dithiocarbamates in apples (25.4%), potatoes (24.2%) and tomatoes (21.1%).
In total, 1351 samples of fresh fruit, vegetables and agricultural crops of Polish origin were analysed in 2010 in five laboratories of the Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute. The monitoring programme covered 52 commodities and 143 pesticides including some isomers and breakdown products. Residues of 48 compounds, mainly fungicides (26), were detected. The percentage of samples with residues at or below the MRL was 24.2%. In 74.8% of the samples no residues were found. Violations of MRLs were stated in 1.0% of the samples, while the use of non-approved pesticides in 2.7% of the samples tested. Pesticide residues were detected most often in samples of fruit (41.7%), especially in samples of gooseberries (70.0%), cherries (61.3%) and apples (52.4%). Samples of vegetables, as well as agricultural crops were less contaminated with pesticide residues. However, a high sample percentage of tomatoes grown under cover (43.1%) or in the field (60.3%) contained pesticide residues.
A total of 1 352 samples of fresh fruit, vegetables and arable crops of Polish origin were analysed in 2009 in five laboratories of the Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute. The monitoring programme covered 54 commodities and 132 pesticides including some isomers and breakdown products. Residues of 43 pesticides, mainly fungicides (24), were detected in 24.5% of samples analysed. Percentage of the samples without pesticide residues was equal to 75.5%. The residues lower than MRLs contained 23.1% of samples analysed. Violations of MRLs were found in 1.4% of the samples. The usage of not approved pesticides were stated in 3.3% of the samples analysed. Residues were detected in 43.3% of fruit samples especially in samples of raspberries (56.4%), apples (50.4%), sour cherries (48.5%), strawberries (44.8%), but the highest percentage of pesticide residues (66.7%) was found both in samples of greenhouse tomatoes and in the samples of celeriac. The samples of other products were less contaminated. Residues of dithiocarbamates were most often detected, in 13.4% of the samples. Four further pesticides captan, linuron, chloropiryfos and carbendazim were found in 8.7%, 5.1%, 4.1% and 4.1% of samples analysed respectively, while the other compounds in less than 2.6% of samples analysed.
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