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1

Wild oat [Avena fatua L.] and canary grass [Phalaris minor Ritz.] management through allelopathy

100%
Jabran K., Farooq M., Hussain M., Hafeez-ur-Rehman, Ali M. A.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2010
|
tom 50
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nr 1
41-44
Environmental contamination, herbicide resistance development among weeds and health concerns due to over and misuse of synthetic herbicides has led the researchers to focus on alternative weed management strategies. Allelochemicals extracted from various plant species can act as natural weed inhibitors. In this study, allelopathic extracts from four plant species sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], mulberry (Morus alba L.), barnyard grass [Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.], winter cherry [Withania somnifera (L.)] were tested for their potential to inhibit the most problematic wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) weeds wild oat (Avena fatua L.) and canary grass (Phalaris minor Ritz.). Data regarding time to start germination, time to 50% germination, mean germination time, final germination percentage, germination energy, root and shoot length, number of roots, number of leaves, and seedling fresh and dry weight was recorded for both the weeds, which showed that mulberry was the most inhibitory plant species while sorghum showed least allelopathic suppression against wild oat. Mulberry extracts resulted in a complete inhibition of the wild oat germination. The allelopathic potential for different plants against wild oat was in the order: mulberry > winter cherry > barnyard grass > sorghum. Mulberry, barnyard grass and winter cherry extracts resulted in a complete inhibition of canary grass. Sorghum however exhibited least suppressive or in some cases stimulatory effects on canary grass. Plants revealing strong allelopathic potential can be utilized to derive natural herbicides for weed control.
2

Aphid dynamics in relation to meteorological factors and various management practices in bread wheat

86%
Wains M. S., Ali M. A., Hussain M., Anwar J., Zulkiffal M., Sabir W.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2010
|
tom 50
|
nr 3
The infestation of aphids in wheat is becoming a serious problem nowadays and it might become a threat to the future wheat crop in Pakistan. With this problem in mind we did a study pertaining to aphid dynamics in relation to meteorological factors and various management practices in bread wheat. The study was carried out at the Wheat Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan. The aim of this study was to investigate how meteorological factors play a role in the fluctuating aphid population and how different management practices could be effective in combating aphids. The results revealed that a peak aphid population was recorded during the beginning of the third week of March for both of the study year periods of 2007-2008 and 2008-2009. Aphid density was positively associated with maximum as well as minimum temperature while it showed a negative correlation with relative humidity. However aphid population was positively but not significantly affected by rainfall. Early sowing on 1st November produced the least aphid infestation hence early sowing was encouraged as a cultural practice for keeping aphids below damaging levels. The recently developed wheat varieties like: SHAFAQ-06, SEHER-06, FSD-08 and LASANI-08,revealed aphid resistance and performed better against aphids. On the other hand the genotypes V-05003, BARS-09 and 0BT006, revealed maximum vulnerability to aphids. Number of aphids per tiller was positive correlated with loss in grain yield. Application of insecticide significantly controlled the aphid population which suggested that a combination of host plant resistance with chemical control could restrain the aphid infestation in wheat.
3

Experimental evaluation of a diesel engine for combustion, performance and exhaust emissions with fuel blends derived from a mixture of fish waste oil and waste cooking oil biodiesel

86%
Ghaos Qureshi M. W., Khan Z. M., Hussain M., Ahmed F., Shoaib M., Qasim M.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
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2019
|
tom 28
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nr 4
The production of biodiesel fuel for diesel engines from waste oil resources resolves a triple-faceted problem: environmental, economic and waste management. This study aimed to extract oil from fish waste, to convert the extracted oil into biodiesel fuel through base catalyzed transesterification and to reduce waste disposal-related environmental problems. Various fuel blends (CBFM10, CBFM20, CBFM30, CBFM40 and CBFM50) were prepared from a 1:1 mixture of waste canola oil biodiesel (WCOB) and transesterified fish waste oil (TFWO) with different proportions of mineral diesel. The mixture was named as the composite blends of fuel mixtures (CBFM). The fuel mixtures were subjected to physicochemical properties like kinematic viscosity, density, flash point and calorific values that were found with the international standard limits of biodiesel fuel and comparable to those of petroleum diesel with an added benefit to be lower in price being derived from waste resources. The formulated fuel blends were run in a 5.5kW stationary diesel engine to investigate combustion, performance and emission characteristics. In comparison to petroleum diesel, slightly higher BSFC, marginally lower BTE and shorter ignition delay was observed with CBFM fuel blends. As compared to fossil fuel diesel carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HC) were found to decrease by 2.8-25.1% and 2.2-19.9%, respectively. In comparison to all tested fuel blends, CBFM10 has shown lower nitrogen oxide emissions. The tested fuel blends were found to have great potential to be utilized as cheap and easily handled alternative fuels for compression ignition (CI) engines without any modification in any part of the engine.
4

Dietary exposure of contaminants through drinking water and associated health risk assessment

86%
Akhtar S., Fatima R., Soomro Z. A., Hussain M., Ahsan M., Ahmad S. R.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
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2018
|
tom 27
|
nr 2
This study investigated physico-chemical drinking water quality of 115 water supply schemes of of District Mianwali along with estimating the health risks associated with the intake of arsenic and flouride in drinking water. One sample was collected from the source end while two samples were collected from consumer ends of each scheme. Overall results showed that 81% of the water samples were safe while 19% were unsafe for drinking purposes. Results showed that TDS (30%), chloride (15%), sulphate (40%), calcium (40%), sodium (14.2%), hardness (24%), nitrate (13%), flouride (30%), and arsenic (7%) exceeded World Health Organization (WHO) standards. Pearson correlation matrix also showed statistically significant relationships (p<0.01) between various physico-chemical parameters and statistically strong significant positive relationships (r = 0.68-1.00, p<0.01) between TDS, Ca, SO₄²⁻, and hardness.There was no variation in the source and consumer end water quality. Risk assessment revealed a low potential health risk to the population of Mianwali for arsenic at source 0.4309<1 (mean) and consumer ends 0.70438<1 (mean), and F- 0.4339<1 at source (mean) and 0.4068<1 (mean) at consumer ends. Hence, this study is in time for the authorities to act immediately, as Mianwali groundwater quality is deteriorating.
5

Foliar application of selenium increases fertility and grain yield in bread wheat under contrasting water availability regimes

86%
Shahzadi I., Iqbal I., Rasheed R., Ashraf M. A., Perveen S., Hussain M.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2017
|
tom 39
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nr 08
6
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Reduced herbicide doses used together with allelopathic sorghum and sunflower water extracts for weed control in wheat

86%
Razzaq A., Cheema Z. A., Jabran K., Hussain M., Farooq M., Zafar M.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2012
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tom 52
|
nr 2
Water extracts from allelopathic crops possess the potential to control weeds effectively, especially when used in combination with reduced rates of herbicides. Label doses of different herbicides and their seventy percent reduced doses, were combined with 18 l/ha each of allelopathic sorghum and sunflower water extracts (WE). This combination was sprayed 30 days after sowing (DAS) for weed control in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Maximum reduction in total weed density and dry weight over the control, was recorded in a field sprayed with mesosulfuron + idosulfuron (Atlantis 3.6 WG) at 14.4 g active substance (a.s.)/ha. However, sorghum + sunflower WE each at 18 l/ha combined with doses which had been reduced by 70% of mesosulfuron + idosulfuron (Atlantis 12 EC at 36 g a.s./ha), or metribuzin + phenoxaprop (Bullet 38 SC at 57 g a.s./ha) or mesosulfuron + idosulfuron (Atlantis 3.6 WG at 4.32 g a.s./ha), reduced total weed dry weight by more than 90%, over the control. Sorghum and sunflower water extracts each at 18 l/ha combined with metribuzin + phenoxaprop (Bullet 38 SC at 57 g a.s./ha) produced a maximum number of productive tillers, spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, biological yield and grain yield. Moreover, this treatment was the most economical along with having the maximum net benefits. The results suggested that weeds can be controlled in wheat, for a higher yield, when a 70% reduced herbicide dose is used in combination with allelopathic sorghum and sunflower water extracts.
7

First report regarding the simultaneous molecular detection of Anaplasma marginale and Theileria annulata in equine blood samples collected from Southern Punjab in Pakistan

72%
Asif M., Parveen A., Ashraf S., Hussain M., Aktas M., Ozubek S., Shaikh R. S., Iqbal F.
Acta Parasitologica
|
2020
|
tom 65
|
nr 1
8
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Diversity, phenology and biological spectrum of tree flora in upper Tanawal, district Mansehra, KP, Pakistan

72%
Farooq M., Anjum W., Hussain M., Saqib Z., Shah A. H., Khan K. R., Nazir J., Gul S.
World News of Natural Sciences
|
2018
|
tom 16
Upper Tanawallies is in the middle of the Western part of Hazara division, and includes the remote areas of four districts i.e. Mansehra, Abbottabad, Haripur and Tor-Ghar, having latitude 34°.34.40´ N to 34°.48.88´ N and 72°.84.27´ E to 73°.10.50´ E longitude. This area is loaded with plant diversity, and tree species in this area vary in their life form, leaf spectra and phenological behavior. There is no prior record of plants diversity in the area, hence, this study was conducted to explore the tree diversity, life form, leaf spectrum and phenology of the tree flora. A total 127 sampling stands (10 x 10 m2 ) were put into place in different locations in Upper Tanawallies to collect field data using the quadrat method. As an outcome, we learned that the region hosts 53 different tree species of 39 genera belonging to 25 tree families. The biological spectra of the trees were constructed according to Raunkiaer (1934). Results showed that Mesophanerophytes was the dominant life form class, contributing 34 (64%) of all tree species encountered, while Mesophyll and Microphyll was the dominant leaf size spectrum classes, each contributing to a count of 18 (34%) of all tree species. Frequent field visits were also carried out during the flowering and fruiting seasons in 2016/17. The result indicates that most tree species of the area show flowering during April-May (32%) while, maximum fruiting were recorded in June-July (36%). Our study concludes that anthropogenic activities on these forests should be reduced to overcome deforestation. This work will be the baseline for new research in the study area.
9

Effect of heavy metal pollution on mineral absorption in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids

72%
Aslam U., Ahmad I., Hussain M., Khan A., Ghani A., Mustafa I., Jalal S., Aqeel M. A., Asif S., Ahmed H.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
|
2014
|
tom 36
|
nr 01
The present study was conducted in a potted experiment to examine the effects of chromium pollution on absorption of mineral nutrients and some morphophysiological attributes of two sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids (FH-331 and FH-259) in the presence and absence of ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) used as a chelating agent. Four concentrations of chromium (Cr³⁺) i.e., 0, 20, 30 and 40 mg kg⁻¹ with and without 0.3 g kg⁻¹ , EDTA as chelating agent were applied to 25-day-old sunflower plants. A gradually decreasing trend in absorption of all minerals and other parameters studied were observed. Different treatments of Cr³⁺ as well as Cr³⁺ and EDTA significantly reduced root and shoot fresh weight; however, root, shoot and achene Cr³⁺ contents of two sunflowers hybrids under higher chromium and EDTA stress varied significantly whereas movement of Cr³⁺ contents to leaves was non-significant. Absorption of Na⁺, K⁺, N₂ and P through roots and shoots significantly reduced with increasing concentration of Cr³⁺ treatments. In fact addition of EDTA to the medium further enhanced the toxicity of chromium.
10

Climate change variability trends and implications for freshwater resources in Pakistan’s eastern Hindu Kush region

72%
Hussain N., Ali S., Hussain A., Ali S., Khan S. W., Raza G., Abbas Q., Hussain I., Hussain M.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2018
|
tom 27
|
nr 2
Due to climate change, the world average surface temperature has increased 0.3-0.6ºC over the past 100 years. The northern belt of Pakistan holds the largest storage of freshwater (ice and snow) after the polar region, and provides water to the downstream population for agriculture plus domestic and hydropower resources. This study focuses on a possible explanation for the seemingly declining behavior of Darkut Glacier using evidence from ground observation and climate station data in Yasin and Gupis valleys in northern Pakistan. We analyzed data obtained from two stations includes the Water and Power Development Authority of Pakistan (WAPDA, 1995-2010) and the Pakistan Meteorology Department (PMD, 1986-2015). Results of both climate station data depicted an increase in total precipitation and a decrease in winter and spring seasons. The study also highlighted an increase in mean minimum and maximum temperatures, particularly in winter and spring. Similarly, the trend of solar radiation also has decreased. Therefore, enhanced snout fluctuation and the melting rate of Darkut occurred during the study period. All of these changes have had a negative impact on the snout of the glacier, which has retreated 6 m during 2013 and 2016, and a lake has formed behind the terminal moraine.
11
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Content available

Impact of natural and synthetic plant stimulants on Moringa seedlings grown under low-temperature conditions

72%
Batool S., Khan S., Basra S. M., Hussain M., Saddiq M. S., Iqbal S., Irshad S., Hafeez M. B.
International Letters of Natural Sciences
|
2019
|
tom 76
Low-temperature results in various physiological and metabolic disturbances in cells of plants which are sensitive to low-temperatures. Moringa is getting popularity as a field crop because of its multipurpose usage. There is no information available about effects of low-temperature (14-18℃) on moringa seedlings and its mitigation. The present study was conducted to test the performance of moringa seedling grown in wire house under low-temperature conditions in response to foliar application of moringa leaf extract (3% solution), hydrogen peroxide (5 ml L⁻¹), ascorbic acid (50 mg L⁻¹) and salicylic acid (50 mg L⁻¹). Seeds of six moringa accessions [Local landrace grown at Agronomic Research Area, Z.A Hashmi Hall, Firdous Colony; Exotic landrace grown at Lalazaar Colony, Department of Agronomy and Agronomic Research Area] were collected and grown in polythene bags filled with equal ratio of compost, sand, silt and clay. All foliar treatments were applied twice; the first round at the seedling age one month and the second round at the seedling age two months. Foliar application of moringa leaf extract significantly enhanced number of branches (92%) and leaves (39%), leaf total chlorophyll contents (73%), leaf phenolic contents (53%) and membrane stability index (57%) of moringa seedlings compared to control. Healthy and vigorous growth of moringa seedlings with higher concentration of antioxidants ensured the defensive potential of moringa leaf extract against low-temperature condition.
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