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1

Retrospective evaluation of the extent and spatial changes of realized hydromelioration systems

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Tlapakova L., Karasek P., Stejskalova D.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
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2013
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tom 22
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nr 6
Hydromeliorations cover a wide spectrum of activities aimed at more intensive and efficient use of land for agricultural production. In the Czech Republic (CR), agricultural land drainage has been implemented not only in lowlands in the vicinity of the lower reaches of watercourses but, to a large extent, in the central and upper reaches of watercourses in water spring areas. Drainage using systematic drainage systems was at its prime in the 1970s and 1980s. Its general implementation in Europe is hardly comparable. The database kept by the Agricultural Water Management Administration (AWMA) includes records on nearly 1,084,800 ha of drained land lots in the CR. However, this data is far from final. In a number of cases, the systematic drainage systems are close to the end of their service life. To search for and document the existing hydromelioration measures, it is necessary to make maximum possible use of supporting data, including original design documentation. Our article is dedicated to hydromelioration measures of the systematic drainage type constructed during the 20th century. In historic terms, these measures have a major impact on the landscape structure and related landscape functions.
2

Sinuosity and edge effect - important factors of landscape pattern and diversity

100%
Stejskalova D., Karasek P., Tlapakova L., Podhrazska J.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
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2013
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tom 22
|
nr 4
The paper is focused on two crucial landscape-forming aspects: linear elements (watercourses, linear tree plantings, road network) and neighbouring edges of landscape segments, or ecotones. Linear elements accentuate the character of landscape, its division, pattern, and contribute significantly to landscape passability and its diversity. The edges of neighbouring landscape segments not only create the spatial arrangement of landscape, but they also are important habitats for plants and animals. So they are irreplaceable for the maintenance of ecological stability of landscape and they are an important element of its biodiversity. The analysis of trends of changes in the length of linear elements and ecotone edges was performed in three time horizons: in the first half of the 19th century, in the 1960s, and at the present time. The evaluation was done in four model territories. Ous paper evaluates the sinuosity of linear elements (roads and railways, watercourses, dirt roads, linear tree plantings) and the lengths of common borders of segments of arable land – permanent grasslands and arable land – forests.
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